- A journalist has a duty to report the facts with accuracy and to interpret them honestly.The facts should be checked by hearing the parties with notable interests in the case.
Ethical principle:
Honesty
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The distinction between news and opinion must be made very clear in the eyes of the public.Ethical principle:
Hearing all sides of a conflict
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Ethical principle:
Separation between facts and opinions or analysis
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- A journalist has to fight censorship and sensationalismand to consider accusations without proof and plagiarism as serious professional mistakes.
Ethical principle:
Sensationalism
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Ethical principle:
Plagiarism and copyright
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- A journalist has to fight against restrictions in the access to information sources,and against attempts to limit the freedom of expression and the right to inform. It is the obligation of a journalist to publicise any violations of those rights.
Ethical principle:
Freedom of information
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Ethical principle:
Freedom of press
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- A journalist has to use legal means in obtaining information, pictures or documents, and must avoid abusing anyone's trust. The identification of oneself as a journalist is a rule, the breaking of which is permissible only on the grounds of an unquestionable public interest and after verifying the impossibility of obtaining relevant information through normal processes.
- A journalist has to carry responsibility of all their work and professional acts,and they must correct information that proved to be false or inexact.
Ethical principle:
Journalist has personal responsibility for information
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Ethical principle:
Correction of errors by media
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- A journalist has to refuse acts/behaviour that violate their conscience.
Ethical principle:
Not acting against one’s convictions
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- Identification of one's sources is an essential must for a journalist. They must not reveal, not even in court, their confidential sources except when they have been deceived by false information.Opinions must always be attributed.
Ethical principle:
Confidentiality
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Ethical principle:
Separation between facts and opinions or analysis
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- A journalist has to respect the presumption of innocence until a case is finished.A journalist must not identify, directly or indirectly, victims or offenders of sexual crimes.
Ethical principle:
Presumption of innocence
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Journalists must not identify minors, indirectly or directly, whether they be sources, witnesses of news events, witnesses of newsworthy events, victims, or perpetrators of acts that the law qualifies as a crime.Ethical principle:
Victims of crimes, accidents, or disasters
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Journalists must not cause people humiliation or disturb their sorrow.Ethical principle:
Children
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Ethical principle:
Dignity
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- A journalist must not treat people in a discriminatory way, based on their heritage, colour, ethnicity, language, place of origin, religion, political or ideological viewpoints, education, economic situation, social status, age, sex, gender, or sexual orientation.
Ethical principle:
Discrimination and racism
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- A journalist has to respect the private life of citizens except when the public interest demands revelation or when the behaviour of the person in question is contradictory to the values and principles that they publicly defend.Before collecting statements and images, the journalist should ensure that the conditions of serenity, freedom, dignity, and responsibility of the people involved are met.
Ethical principle:
Privacy (and the public interest)
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Ethical principle:
Dignity
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- A journalist must reject requests, functions, and benefits that could jeopardise his/her independent status and professional integrity.A journalist must not use his professional status in order to get personal benefits.
Ethical principle:
Resisting pressures in general
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Ethical principle:
Using job or job-related information for private benefits
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