PREAMBLE
This Code is drawn from existing European standards of journalistic practice. The Code purpose is to establish the foundation of a system of self-regulation in print and online media, which shall be considered morally binding for reporters, editors, owners and publishers of print and online media.
Journalists and editors of print and online media shall respect generally accepted ethical principles and protect the professional integrity of journalism.
Ethical principle:
Integrity
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This Code includes the basic principles of the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the Independent Union of Professional Journalists of BiH, the Association of Journalists of BiH, the Independent Union of Journalists from the Republic of Srpska, the Association of Journalists of the Republic of Srpska and the Syndicate of Professional Journalists of the Federation of BiH, and it is adhered to by the Association of Croat Journalists in BiH.
Editors and publishers of print and online media shall ensure that all relevant staff is informed about this Code.
Editors and publishers of print and online media shall further ensure that the provisions of this Code are fully complied with.
This Code was adopted on the 29th of April 1999 by all Journalists' Associations in BiH.
The Code was amended on the following dates: February 2005, August 2006, December 2006 and June 2011 by the Press Council in Bosnia and Herzegovina, upon consultation with all Journalists' Associations in BiH.
General Provisions
Journalists of print and online media in Bosnia and Herzegovina ('journalists' further in the text) have an obligation to the public to maintain high ethical standards at all times and under all circumstances.
It is the duty of journalists and publishers of print and online media to respect the needs of citizens for useful, timely and relevant information and to defend the principles of freedom of information and the right to fair comments and critical journalism.
Ethical principle:
Providing information
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Journalists shall abide by commonly accepted social standards of decency and respect for ethnic, cultural and religious diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Ethical principle:
Decency
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Journalists shall abide by standards of human rights defined by international and BiH acts on human rights.
Ethical principle:
Protection of human rights
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Journalists shall develop the awareness of gender equality and the respect of individuality as the integral part of human rights.
Ethical principle:
Protect right of individuals
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Journalists shall protect the rights of the individual, while at the same time upholding the right to information in the public interest.
Ethical principle:
Protect right of individuals
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This Code is to be interpreted in light of both aforementioned definitions.
Article 1 - Public Interest
The public interest, according to this Code, is defined as the procedure and/or information which has the intention of helping the public create personal opinions and decisions about issues and events, including the efforts to detect criminal and/or civil offenses, and to prevent the seduction of the public by certain statements or actions of individuals or organizations.
Ethical principle:
Public interest
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Article 2 - Editorial Responsibility
It is the highest responsibility of reporters and editors to ensure, in all their work, respect for factual truth and the right of the public to know the truth.
Ethical principle:
Truth
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Journalists shall at all times perform their work in the spirit of fairness, honesty, and civility when collecting information, reporting and presenting opinions.
Ethical principle:
Dignity
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Plagiarism, falsification, deliberate suppression of facts and acceptance of bribes or favors which could influence the work of a reporter or editor are this profession's gravest moral offenses.
Ethical principle:
Distortion of facts or forgery
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Article 3 Incitement
Journalists shall at all times be aware of the danger that arises when media, through hate speech, encourage discrimination and intolerance.
Ethical principle:
Violence and war
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Mindful of this danger, journalists shall do their utmost not to incite and/or inflame hatred and/or inequality based on ethnicity, nationality, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, physical disability or mental disability.
Ethical principle:
Violence and war
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Journalists shall under no circumstances incite criminal acts or violence.
Ethical principle:
Discrimination and racism
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Article 4 Discrimination
Journalists must avoid prejudicial or insulting references to a person's ethnic group, nationality, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, physical disability or mental disability.
References to a person's ethnic group, nationality, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, physical disability or mental disability shall be made only when directly relevant to the occurrence being reported.
Article 4a - Gender Equality and Respect of Individuality
Journalists shall avoid direct or indirect comments which might place individuals in an unequal position or discriminate them based on sex, gender, sexual identity, gender identity, gender expression and/or sexual orientation.
Ethical principle:
Discrimination and racism
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Article 5 - Accuracy and Fair Reporting
Journalists shall not publish inaccurate or misleading material in the form of pictures, texts or other materials. Pictures and documents must not be falsified and/or used in a misleading manner.
Ethical principle:
Distortion of facts or forgery
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Pictures and documents must not be falsified and/or used in a misleading manner.
Journalists shall not conceal and/or withhold any essential information, the disclosure of which would materially affect the interpretation of a report published and the general readers' understanding.
Ethical principle:
Completeness (full information)
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Journalists have the professional obligation to promptly correct any published information that is found to be inaccurate. The apology and/or correction shall be published with due emphasis.
Ethical principle:
Correction of errors by media
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Journalists shall always report truthfully and accurately about the outcome of an action undertaken as a result of defamation they were involved in.
Ethical principle:
Dignity
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The journalist shall report only on the basis of facts, the origin of which is known to the journalists.
In reporting and commenting controversy, journalists shall make an effort to hear and represent all sides in a conflict. If one side in a controversy refuses to make itself available to the journalist, the publication may legitimately note this refusal in its reporting.
Ethical principle:
Hearing all sides of a conflict
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Article 6 - Comment, Conjecture and Fact
Journalists, while free to express their own views, must distinguish clearly between a comment, a conjecture, and a fact.
Ethical principle:
Separation between facts and opinions or analysis
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Article 7 - Opportunity to Reply
The right to reply shall be extended to relevant persons if the editor determines that such a step contributes to accuracy and impartiality.
Ethical principle:
Impartiality
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If at all possible, the opportunity for an immediate response shall be made available in the same edition of the publication as the one containing the accusation and/or incorrect information, not exceeding the originally published article in length.
Ethical principle:
Right of reply
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Article 8 Misrepresentation
Journalists shall use only fair means to obtain news, documents and/or photographs.
Journalists and photographers shall not obtain information and/or pictures through intimidation or harassment.
Ethical principle:
Harassment of people by journalists
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It is unethical to misrepresent one's identity or intentions, and to use subterfuge to obtain information for publication, except in the most extreme circumstances, and in a lawful manner, when the publication of thus obtained information would clearly serve the public interest.
Article 9 Privacy
Journalists shall avoid intrusions into and individual's private life unless such intrusions are necessary for the public interest.
Topics involving personal tragedy shall be treated with consideration, and the affected individuals shall be approached with discretion and sympathy.
Ethical principle:
Privacy (and the public interest)
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Article 10 - Persons Charged With Criminal Offenses
Journalists shall not treat any individual as a criminal prior to a court sentence to that effect.
Journalists have the duty not to prejudge the guilt of an accused person.
Ethical principle:
Presumption of innocence
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Journalists have the duty to publish information about the dismissal of charges against, or the acquittal of, anyone whose filed charges or commenced trial they had reported about previously.
Ethical principle:
Reporting on Court and legal proceedings
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Article 10a Protection of Witnesses
Journalists shall demonstrate special caution and sensitivity when reporting about witnesses in war crime proceedings, respecting rules and regulations in terms of not identifying the protected witnesses.
Ethical principle:
Reporting on Court and legal proceedings
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Journalists shall generally avoid identifying witnesses in war crimes trials, as well as their relatives and friends, unless their identification is necessary for the complete, fair and accurate reporting about the trial, and if such identifying shall not cause misinterpretation of the truth or the trail process.
Ethical principle:
Reporting on Court and legal proceedings
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Article 11 - Protection of Children and Minors
When treating children and minors, journalists have the obligation to be extremely careful, respecting ethical norms and the Convention on Children's Rights, starting with the child's interest.
Journalists are obligated to protect the child's identity in procedures not involving the public.
Journalists shall not interview or photograph children under the age of 18, regarding matters involving the child's family, in the absence of or without the consent of a parent or guardian.
Journalists shall not identify children under the age of 18 when they are victims of crimes.
Journalists must not, under any circumstances, identify children under the age of 18 who are involved in criminal cases as witnesses, victims or defendants.
Ethical principle:
Children
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Article 12 - Advertising and Sponsorship
Commercial, political advertisements and sponsored articles must be distinguished from editorial content and clearly identified as what they are.
Ethical principle:
Separation of paid and editorial content
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Sponsored material shall clearly indicate the source of sponsorship.
Ethical principle:
Sponsored or reimbursed goods by third parties
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Articles 13 - Confidentiality of Sources
Whenever possible, journalists should rely on open, identified sources of information. These sources are to be preferred to anonymous sources, whose honesty and accuracy cannot be judged by the public.
Ethical principle:
Naming the sources
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Journalists have an obligation to protect the identity of those who provide information in confidence, whether or not they explicitly request confidentiality.
Ethical principle:
Confidentiality
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Article 14 - Copyright and Author's Rights
Journalists may use reasonable summaries with limited quotations, material from other publications or holders of copyrights, without express permission to do so, as long as the source is cited appropriately.
Ethical principle:
Plagiarism and copyright
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Substantial use or reproduction of material protected by copyrights requires explicit permission from the copyright holder unless such permission is stated in the material.
Article 15 Complaints
Print and online media shall, in an appropriate place, contain the following: the name, address, telephone number, fax number, the internet/e-mail address and contacts of the responsible publisher and editor, to whom complaints regarding the writing of print and online media can be addressed.
Complainants, claiming that this Code was breached by certain reporting, shall address the publisher or editor responsible for the print or online edition in question, with a denial not longer than the original article.