Select the Press Councils you want to compare
| Questions | Category | Albania | Armenia | Austria | Azerbaijan | Belgium (Flanders) | Belgium (Wallonia) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bulgaria | Canada | Croatia | Cyprus | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | France | Georgia | Germany | Hungary | Iceland | Ireland | Kazakhstan | Kosovo | Lithuania | Luxembourg | North Macedonia | Norway | Poland | Québec (Canada) | Serbia | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain - Catalonia | Sweden | Switzerland | The Netherlands | Turkey | United Kingdom (IPSO) | United Kingdom (Impress) |
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| 001. In what year was the organization established? | Organisational structure | 2017 | 2007 | 2010 | 2003 | 2002 | 2009 | 2006 | 2005 | 2015 | 1910 | 1997 | 1992 | 2002 | 1968 | 2019 | 2009 | 1956 | 2012 | 1965 | 2008 | 2021 | 2005 | 2015 | 1979 | 2015 | 1910 | 1995 | 1973 | 2009 | 2002 | 1905 | 1997 | 1916 | 1977 | 1960 | 1988 | 2014 | 2015 |
| 002. Is there any recognition in the law (or in governmental regulations) of the existence and role of the Press Council? | Organisational structure | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| 003. In case there is recognition of the Council in the law, is that because the organization was established by decree, or did the Council already exist when it was recognized? | Organisational structure | Founded | Recognized afterwards | Founded | Decreet | Founded | Founded | Founded | Decreet | Recognized by law as a registered public interest company | Recognized afterwards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 004. Comment on 003 | Organisational structure | The intention is to ensure the Council's continuity over time, and the recognition ensures the future role of the Council, and allowed to define its competences and its collaboration with the audiovisual regulatory body | As guarantee that self-regulation would work (instead of introducing media legislation). Broadcast media (TV + radio) are by law bound to be ethically judged by the Council. | Founded after implementation of the Danish Media Liability Act | Recognition allowed newspapers to publish decisions of the Press Ombudsman and Press Council without any threat of defamation proceedings (qualified privilege). It also allowed newspapers in defamation action to claim that adherence to Press Council standards could be used in seeking reductions in defamation awards | In law about Defamation and Insult, Chapter V requires that for disputes about disinformation on press, the first step to follow is to go to the Press Council | founded following the law | In order to protect the statute of ‘journalist' | To ensure editorial freedom | Press council complies with the Press Recognition Panel's criteria for self-regulatory bodies, and thus is recognized as an independent press regulator | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 005. What type of legal entity is the organization? | Organisational structure | Association | None | Association | NGO | Association | Association | Association | Foundation | Association | Association | Commission | Public entity | None | Association | Association | Association | Association | Association | Association | Company Limited by Guarantee | Public organisation | Association | Association | Association | Association | Association | Association | NGO | Association | Association | Association | Foundation | Association | Foundation | Foundation | Informal NGO | Public interest company | Community Interest Company |
| 006. In case there is recognition of the Council in the law, is that because the organization was established by decree, or did the Council already exist when it was recognized? | Organisational structure | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Press Council | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Ethical Council of Journalists' Association | Press Council | Media Council | Media Council | Press/Media Council | Press Council | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Ethical Council of Journalists' Association | Press Council | Press council | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Press association | Press Council | Media Council | Press Council | Press Council | Ethical Council of Journalists' Association | Press Council | Ombudsman and Press Council | Media Council | Media Council | Media Council | Public interest company | Press regutor | |
| 007. Is the organization responsible for the application and/or distribution process for press cards for journalists? | Organisational structure | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| 008. Do bylaws mention defending press freedom as an objective? | Organisational structure | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| 009. What are the main tasks that the organization sees for itself? | Organisational structure | Promoting self-regulation | Considering complaints on media and issuing judgements or Expert opinions. Making statements on general challenges for professional integrity. Developing guidelines on ethical conduct of journalists. Providing consultancy to the Commission on TV and Radio (national regulator) on issues of media ethics. Organizing public campaigns on promotion of media self-regulation system. | Being a ‘check/balance' for the printed press (via complaints procedures) and defending press freedom | The Press Council of Azerbaijan is a self-regulatory body of Azerbaijani press. The Council was created during the First Conference of Azerbaijani journalists, in which 180 media organizations were present, on 15 March 2003. The Council’s aims include conducting of public control so as to ensure that journalists act in line with the requirements of relevant pieces of legislation and professional principles, improving government-media and public-media relations, and contributing to the freedom of speech. In order to fulfill the objectives stated above, the Council considers the possibilities of pre-judicial solutions of conflicts arising from newspaper articles, examines complaints about the conduct of correspondents of various media outlets and makes decisions about complaints. | Defending and promoting professional ethics in journalism; formulation of ethical guidelines for journalism; handling complaints about journalistic behaviour and publications | Development of ethical standards for media and mediation/complaint handling, providing information about ethics in journalism (to the public and to the journalists) | Improving ethical and professional standards in print and online media, monitoring the implementation of the Press Code, and constant education of journalists and the public on the need to respect freedom of expression and responsible, professional reporting in the press and online media | Handling complaints | To serve as a forum for complaints against its members and to promote ethical practices within the news media industry. | To make sure that all members of the Media follow the general rules of ethics in journalism and to defend the freedom of the Press. | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | To interpret good journalistic practice as well as defend freedom in regard to speech and the right to publication | The CDJM is a forum for mediation between journalists, the media, news agencies and the public on all matters relating to journalistic ethics | To improve the quality of journalism in Georgia | Defend press freedom and protect the good name of the press (by judging the good practice/ethical soundness of its behaviour) | To uphold the journalistic ethical standards by giving people the possibility to send in complaints about the media | Defending freedom of expression and the independent treatment of complaints about the press | create a common platform for discussing issues and challenges facing Kazakh journalism, promote ethical standards through the Basic principles of media | Promoting freedom of information and respect for the press code, protecting the citizens from false information | main goals in the activity of the Association and the Commission. | Fourfold: draft and observe a journalistic Code of Conduct; dealing with complaints about media content; issuing press cards; being a consultation partner for the government in media policy matters | Preventing influence to the media from centers of power, promotion of quality in journalism, protection of media freedom, protection of public interest (complaints process) | To ensure ethical and free press | To defend ethical principles in journalism by responding to complaints sent in by citizens about journalists' behaviour in publications and broadcasts. | The protection of the freedom of the press and to the defense of the right of the public to quality reporting. | Handling Complaints ,Promoting the Code, Public Awareness & Education | The Print-Digital Council adresses complaints about the possible violation of journalistic ethics, as well as motions concerning restraining the journalists' access to information. | Handling complaints | Self regulation of journalism in Catalonia | For The Public to protect them from journalism that is too offensive and aggressive. -For the Media companies to protect the Freedom of Press and to prevent intrusion from politicians and legislators | Providing a means to complain about ethical behaviour of the media | Dealing with complaints about journalistic behaviour; contributing to the development of media ethics; and promoting public awareness of media ethics | Reviewing complaints concerning violations of professional journalistic ethics | To enforce the Editors' Code of Practice and to uphold the fundamental public interest in freedom of expression. We monitor editorial standards and produce reporting guidance for editors and journalists. We operate a whistleblowing hotline for journalists, 24/7 hotline for victims of press harassment and 24/7 pre-publication advice from IPSO staff. | Providing independent accountability and transparency for the public, by maintaining ethical standards in journalism. To establish and operate an independent press regulator which complies with the recommendations and principles set out in the Royal Charter, to formulate, establish and develop the Standards Code, to operate a complaints handling service in accordance with the recommendations and principles set out in the Royal Charter, to enter into agreements with Participants, charge fees in connection therewith and to be able to levy fines on Participants, to operate an arbitration service in accordance with the recommendations and principles set out in the Royal Charter, to establish an investigations service in accordance with the recommendations and principles set out in the Royal Charter, to provide advice or information, to publish and distribute or commission publications in any form or media, to organise meetings, lectures, conferences, workshops, broadcasts or courses of instruction, to promote or carry out research or surveys of public opinion | ||
| 010. One of the reasons to handle complaints is to keep the press as free as possible from governmental regulation and interference. Besides this implicit reason, does the media council actively promote the freedom of the media? | Organisational structure | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 011. Comment on 010 | Organisational structure | By mobilizing support from citizens and informing students of journalism about ethics in the media | The operation of MEO is facilitated by media CSOs which mission is defending the press freedom. And MEO itself is one of the platforms where those CSOs coordinate their respective efforts. | By releasing statements, using social media to spread the Council's message, write opinion pieces | Implementation of public control over the compliance of journalists with the requirements of the Rules of Professional Conduct, professional principles in accordance with existing standards, strengthening the relationship and trust between state bodies and the public and the mass media, creating wider opportunities for freedom of speech, opinion and information; - Provision of information and proposals related to freedom of the press at appropriate times to the government of Azerbaijan, public and other organizations, as well as outside the country; - Investigating options for pre-trial resolution of conflicts occurring in the spheres of activity of press media, accepting and studying complaints filed regarding the behavior of editorial staff and making related decisions | The organization will try to lobby political actors when it sees that (planned) government regulation is threatening the freedom of the press. Representatives of the Press Council will explain that regulation should be a last resort, since self-regulation can be a solution for many issues. | Providing advice (legal or otherwise) to journalists in order to to protect journalists' press freedom, and petitioning to governments on behalf of journalists. The aim of the Association is to promote and defend journalistic professional ethics, to handle questions and complaints about it and to safeguard press freedom through self-regulation.” | Active to protect journalists' press freedom with advice to journalists (legal or otherwise) and petitioning to governments on behalf of journalists | By issuing statements and being signatory to relevant statements of like-minded groups. | By issuing public statements regarding press freedom issues. Also by being heard in legislation processes by ministries and the parliament. | Together with other organizations, the Charter is member of the Coalition of Media Advocacy | For instance by giving expert opinion in the policy making process to warrant the freedom of the press | This is something that the journalist union does | Promotion of ethical standards in journalism, building public confidence in the media and commenting on issues which arise which might impact on press freedom | we advise and criticise journalists on ethics | The Press Council of Kosovo has been part of several campaigns defending press freedom through all these years of active presence in the media scene in Kosovo | through activity of its stakeholders | The organization actively promotes freedom of expression, by initiatiang different discussions and dialogue with relevant stakeholders, including media, defending of their rights, and reacting in cases of pressures and censorship to media | we lobby for better access to information, for an open society, for better media laws and regulations | REM's only way of influencing public opinion is the publication of responses to complaints from citizens on its website. The REM react to complains and does not initiate opinions on behaviour in the media on its own initiative. Nor does it monitor media coverage or issues general opinions realting to media coverage. REM reacts. | The Council does make public statements about press freedom-related issues, such as the access to information act | The Press Council makes statements on violations of the freedom of journalists and its members participate in working groups and discussions on these topics. | The association is advocating for quality legislative framework in the field of media, authors' rights, access to information, freedom of speech, labour rights of journalists and status of freelancers. It defends journalists if they face any type of attack on their rights, professional or financial status and reputation. | We organize activities in public sites to proclaim freedom of expression, the journalists' independence as well, as the right to professional secrecy and the conscience clause when there is a clear distortion between the editorial line and the personal convictions of professional information. Also, we speak out via our decisions about complaints from the public. | To try and and keep the press as free as possible from governmental regulation and interference and defending the press freedom | We lobby, issue public statements, and make judicial applications | There is a public interest exemption applied to clauses of the Code, so that journalism in the public interest is not stifled by press regulation. This includes explicit recognition of the inherent public interest in freedom of expression itself. IPSO additionally advocates for press freedom in submissions to government, civil society and with interest groups. | Independent regulation provides a buffer which erases the need for government regulation and interference, while promoting the needs and rights of the public to a free, accountable press. | |||||||||||
| 012. In the framework of the council’s objectives and bylaws, is it possible for the council to start an investigation into a publication? (Effectively, to make a complaint themselves?) And if so, do they use this ability? | Organisational structure | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 013. Comment on 012 | Organisational structure | In some cases public statements will be issued about media content | No. However MEO uses the results of media monitoring and other studies/researches implemented by the CSOs which facilitate its operation. | This happens about 5-10 times per year | If there is a complaint about the material written by the publication, then the board can investigate. | However, this is rarely/never used in practice | This happens once or twice per year | It is possible to investigate pro-actively, which the Press Council does wherever severe breach of the ethical and professional standards occurred | There is no possibility to investigate individual publications, but the Council could make statements about media coverage in general | When the Commission notices something problematic in the media, they can make a statement about this | However, this is not done in practice | However, this is very rarely used | This possibility exists in the by-laws. It has not yet been implemented | However, this is not done in practice | However, this is never done in practice | However, this only happened once in the history of the Council | The Press Council can initiate its own analysis on specific important issues in the media, and release opinions/statements about this | This is at the Secretary-General's discretion. The current SG has not used this power so far. | the Council reacts/answers to complaints pertaining to its ethical charter but does not initiate complaints itself | However, it is rarely used | The Council can signal and take on individual articles/publications, in that case they have the 'complainant' role themselves | A proactive investigation is formally possible, but it has not happened in the last 20 years. For such cases, the Board of the organization would file a complaint. | Only when there are some complaints. Sometimes the CIC acts ex officio. | It is not done in practice | However, it is rarely used | However, the council can voice an opinion about general matters or in matters of principle | However, it is rarely or never used | On the recommendation of the IPSO Board, the IPSO Complaints Committee can launch “own volition” investigations if potential breaches of the Editors' Code of Practice are identified. IPSO also has the power to launch standards investigations. These are launched by the IPSO Board when serious concerns about the behaviour or actions of members are identified. | IMPRESS may investigate potential breaches of the Code even where no complaint has been received. | ||||||||||
| 014. Does the council itself monitor media content for its ethical soundness? If so, in what way? | Organisational structure | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |
| 015. Comment on 014 | Organisational structure | The Council monitors and reports about specific types of coverage in the media, like reporting on crime or corruption | Media Ethics Observatory consists of 14 members who are elected in the Annual conference of the Media self-regulation initiative (MSRI) that brings together the media outlets which signed the joint Code of Ethics and accept the procedures envisaged by MEO Regulation (71 in this stage). 8 media CSO which are legal entities and facilitate the operation of MEO do not participate in voting. MSRI and MEO are still on the way of further institutionalization which includes as a prospect to be registered as a legal entity. | Our monitoring team reviews the various sites and checks whether the ethical principles of journalism are upheld. | From time to time the media content is monitored by the press council, especially in election years | The Observatoire de la Déontologie de l'Information does this in France | Media monitoring is done in the Media Checker project (whcih has editorial independence from the Charter itself) | competence of the Inspector's office | The Council monitors the adherence of media to professional standards. This is usually done by analyzing the press complaints over a certain period of time and the tendencies that appear in the media reporting. The Council is particularly focused on identiyfing and reacting to fake news and sensationalism in the media | No | Regular monitoring of eight newspapers with national coverage | Only with a complaint. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 016. Has the council ever been sued over any of their decisions or their handling of complaints? | Organisational structure | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| 017. Total budget 2018 | Budget | 87275 | 230000 | 210000 | 198000 | 194950 | 205000 | 500000 | 11000 | 435000 | 932000 | 0 | 407000 | 80000 | 116764 | 88700 | 900000 | 335915 | 111000 | 12000 | 40000 | 652750 | 280650 | 170000 | 20000 | 1111500 | |||||||||||||
| 018. Contributions media companies 2018 | Budget | 0 | 28000 | 107000 | 99000 | 0 | 205000 | 500000 | 11000 | 250000 | 0 | 407000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 118700 | 0 | 0 | 30000 | 442000 | 95735 | 153000 | 18000 | 13300 | |||||||||||||||
| 019. Contributions journalist individual 2018 | Budget | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 900 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 020. Contributions journalist associations 2018 | Budget | 0 | 28000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 900000 | 7600 | 0 | 0 | 10000 | 0 | 135165 | 17000 | 900 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| 021. Contributions govt direct 2018 | Budget | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110000 | 311000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113264 | 0 | 0 | 209615 | 5550 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49750 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 022. Contributions govt indirect 2018 | Budget | 0 | 174000 | 100000 | 99000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 023. Contributions govt international 2018 | Budget | 60995 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 148950 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80700 | 0 | 0 | 88800 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 024. Contributions NGOs 2018 | Budget | 26280 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80000 | 0 | 8000 | 0 | 0 | 16650 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1096000 | |||||||||||||
| 025. Contributions charity 2018 | Budget | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 026. Self generated revenue 2018 | Budget | 0 | 0 | 3000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2200 | |||||||||||||
| 027. Handling fees 2018 | Budget | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 210750 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 028. Total budget 2019 | Budget | 52345 | 213500 | 198000 | 213500 | 20000 | 512000 | 11000 | 464778 | 403727 | 148781 | 900000 | 100600 | 43695 | 700000 | 293000 | 190937 | 2993089 | 1148530 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 029. Contributions media companies 2019 | Budget | 2309 | 107000 | 99000 | 107000 | 512000 | 11000 | 109165 | 403727 | 39519 | 600000 | 95735 | 172848 | 2993089 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 030. Contributions journalist individual 2019 | Budget | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 031. Contributions journalist associations 2019 | Budget | 0 | 220613 | 900000 | 5000 | 135165 | 18089 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 032. Contributions govt direct 2019 | Budget | 0 | 20000 | 135000 | 4175 | 45500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 033. Contributions govt indirect 2019 | Budget | 0 | 100000 | 99000 | 100000 | 5900 | 14500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 034. Contributions govt international 2019 | Budget | 0 | 94700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 035. Contributions NGOs 2019 | Budget | 12000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 036. Contributions charity 2019 | Budget | 3439 | 1089015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 037. Self generated revenue 2019 | Budget | 23100 | 6500 | 6500 | 909 | 59515 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 038. Handling fees 2019 | Budget | 0 | 100000 | 6363 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 040. Total budget 2020 | Budget | 55675 | 207500 | 204000 | 207500 | 20000 | 467000 | 11000 | 464778 | 84000 | 314119 | 25380 | 175586 | 950000 | 143800 | 46448 | 700000 | 293000 | 241406 | 2694889 | 1124027 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 041. Contributions media companies 2020 | Budget | 1290 | 102500 | 102000 | 107000 | 467000 | 11000 | 109165 | 2275 | 314119 | 46448 | 600000 | 95735 | 207406 | 2694889 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 042. Contributions journalist individual 2020 | Budget | 0 | 1050 | 5000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 043. Contributions journalist associations 2020 | Budget | 0 | 220613 | 950000 | 135165 | 19000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 044. Contributions govt direct 2020 | Budget | 0 | 20000 | 135000 | 45000 | 45500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 045. Contributions govt indirect 2020 | Budget | 0 | 100000 | 102000 | 100000 | 14500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 046. Contributions govt international 2020 | Budget | 0 | 6800 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 047. Contributions NGOs 2020 | Budget | 11000 | 137000 | 14500 | 15000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 048. Contributions charity 2020 | Budget | 1298 | 3500 | 1113088 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 049. Self generated revenue 2020 | Budget | 17902 | 5000 | 5000 | 29000 | 1181 | 10939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 050. Handling fees 2020 | Budget | 0 | 100000 | 6363 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 051. Total budget 2021 | Budget | 57190 | 202800 | 284000 | 202800 | 20000 | 537000 | 11300 | 464778 | 87000 | 301810 | 25380 | 165308 | 1000000 | 132000 | 35896 | 900000 | 293000 | 259770 | 3012288 | 1102734 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 052. Contributions media companies 2021 | Budget | 1509 | 101000 | 142000 | 101000 | 537000 | 11300 | 109165 | 3814 | 301810 | 850000 | 95735 | 225220 | 3012288 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 053. Contributions journalist individual 2021 | Budget | 0 | 1760 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 054. Contributions journalist associations 2021 | Budget | 0 | 220613 | 37000 | 1000000 | 5000 | 135165 | 190000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 055. Contributions govt direct 2021 | Budget | 0 | 20000 | 135000 | 75000 | 8000 | 45500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 056. Contributions govt indirect 2021 | Budget | 0 | 100000 | 142000 | 5100 | 14500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 057. Contributions govt international 2021 | Budget | 0 | 100000 | 127000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 058. Contributions NGOs 2021 | Budget | 13000 | 25380 | 11500 | 15000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 059. Contributions charity 2021 | Budget | 1901 | 6328 | 1089015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 060. Self generated revenue 2021 | Budget | 19392 | 1800 | 1800 | 25000 | 909 | 13719 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 061. Handling fees 2021 | Budget | 0 | 50000 | 10909 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 062. Total budget 2022 | Budget | 272036 | 62800 | 212000 | 294000 | 20000 | 550000 | 11300 | 471000 | 157000 | 11038 | 345415 | 25380 | 62663 | 185000 | 90230 | 1000000 | 0 | 660669 | 115000 | 7200 | 35539 | 1000000 | 550057 | 225220 | 1338759 | |||||||||||||
| 063. Contributions media companies 2022 | Budget | 2890 | 106000 | 147000 | 550000 | 11300 | 109000 | 16666 | 345415 | 175174 | 940000 | 145300 | 225220 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 064. Contributions journalist individual 2022 | Budget | 0 | 7692 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 065. Contributions journalist associations 2022 | Budget | 56000 | 0 | 216800 | 37500 | 11038 | 1000000 | 10000 | 216000 | 19000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 066. Contributions govt direct 2022 | Budget | 0 | 20000 | 135000 | 65900 | 185000 | 282039 | 6800 | 12000 | 16000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 067. Contributions govt indirect 2022 | Budget | 195944 | 0 | 100000 | 147000 | 16000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 068. Contributions govt international 2022 | Budget | 20091 | 0 | 90530 | 108200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 069. Contributions NGOs 2022 | Budget | 15000 | 25000 | 25380 | 144547 | 15000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 070. Contributions charity 2022 | Budget | 2293 | 1000 | 1282882 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 071. Self generated revenue 2022 | Budget | 20120 | 6000 | 91000 | 4000 | 3825 | 1664 | 25087 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 072. Handling fees 2022 | Budget | 0 | 50000 | 7232 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 073. Staff 2018 | Staff | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |||||||
| 074. FTE 2018 | Staff | 3 | 2,75 | 1,2 | 1,75 | 5 | 0,4 | 3,25 | 0,5 | 4,7 | 0,4 | 4 | 8 | 8,3 | 0 | 0,05 | 3 | 3,5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 0,25 | 1 | 5,75 | 1,4 | 1,39 | 1,50 | 6 | |||||||||
| 075. Paid 2018 | Staff | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |||||||
| 076. Voluntary 2018 | Staff | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 077. Is some day-to-day work, done by non-staff, being remunerated? 2018 | Staff | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | 0 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | ||||||||
| 078.Comment on 077. | Staff | Yes | One accountant | The IT administrator who maintains the website content | Mediators are external professionals | The Council makes use of clerks who work on freelance basis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 079. What task does staff spend the most time on in 2018? | Staff | Media monitoring | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Handling complaints and mediating between citizens and media | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Writing the decisions taken on complaints examined. | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | examining referrals, drafting letters and opinions; seeking support in the professional information world | Consideration of complaints and the Media Checker project | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Meeting discussions and waiting for replies | Handling complaints | development of training programs | Handling complaints & writing media analysis reports | preparing for the meetings, in cases of recognized violation of Code of Ethics issuing a legally well founded decision | Press Card approval procedure | Handling complaints & writing media analysis reports | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Complaints handling | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Complaints processing, communication, social media, web, media input management | Handling complaints, Media Ethics investigators, 1 administrator | Handling complaints | Handling complaints | Preparing the complaint files | Handling complaints | ||||
| 080. Staff 2019 | Staff | 1 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| 081. FTE 2019 | Staff | 0.25 | 13 | 1,2 | 1,75 | 1 | 4,7 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0,05 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1,4 | 1,39 | 20 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 082. Paid 2019 | Staff | 1 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1,4 | 2 | 20 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 083. Voluntary 2019 | Staff | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 084. Is some day-to-day work, done by non-staff, being remunerated? 2019 | Staff | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 085. Comment on 084. | Staff | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 086. What task does staff spend the most time on in 2019? | Staff | Providing expertise, working on documents (guidelines, policy papers) | Preparation of the basis - for draft decision and the Council meeting, communication with stakeholders. | Investigating complaints, corresponding with complainants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 087. Staff 2020 | Staff | 1 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| 088. FTE 2020 | Staff | 0.25 | 14 | 1,2 | 2,75 | 1 | 4,7 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0,05 | 3 | 0,5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 1,4 | 1,58 | 20 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 089. Paid 2020 | Staff | 1 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 20 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 090. Voluntary 2020 | Staff | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 091. Is some day-to-day work, done by non-staff, being remunerated? 2020 | Staff | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 092. Comment on 091. | Staff | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 093. What task does staff spend the most time on in 2020? | Staff | Providing expertise, working on documents (guidelines, policy papers) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 094. Staff 2021 | Staff | 1 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 2,5 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 21 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
| 095. FTE 2021 | Staff | 0.25 | 15 | 1,2 | 3,25 | 1 | 4,7 | 0 | 5 | 1,5 | 5 | 0,05 | 2,5 | 0,6 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1,4 | 1,58 | 20 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
| 096. Paid 2021 | Staff | 1 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 2,5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1,4 | 2 | 21 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| 097. Voluntary 2021 | Staff | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 2 | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 098. Is some day-to-day work, done by non-staff, being remunerated? 2021 | Staff | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 099. Comment on 098. | Staff | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100. What task does staff spend the most time on in 2021? | Staff | Providing expertise, working on documents (guidelines, policy papers) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101. Staff 2022 | Staff | 1 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 2,5 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 102. FTE 2022 | Staff | 0.25 | 15 | 3,25 | 1 | 4,9 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 0,05 | 2,5 | 0,6 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4,5 | 1,55 | 1,58 | 20 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| 103. Paid 2022 | Staff | 1 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 2,5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4,5 | 1,55 | 2 | 22 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 104. Voluntary 2022 | Staff | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 105. Is some day-to-day work, done by non-staff, being remunerated? 2022 | Staff | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 106. Comment on 105. | Staff | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 107. What task does staff spend the most time on in 2022 | Staff | Providing expertise, working on documents (guidelines, policy papers) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 108. Individual media outlets | Membership Members | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 109. Umbrella organizations of media outlets | Membership Members | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| 110. Individual journalists | Membership Members | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| 111. Journalist unions or organizations | Membership Members | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| 112. Others | Membership Members | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | |
| 113. Comment on 112. | Membership Members | Press/photo agencies and news production companies | A number of NGOs | People from civil society | The editors-in-chief of different media outlets are personally members | Yes | Public interest members | Experts, educators, Ngo workers, lawyers | Civil society organizations in the media field | Media industry | Members of civil society, teachers, doctors and other professionals | Judges | Bar associations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 114. Newspapers | Membership Types | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 115. Magazines | Membership Types | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 116. Digital media | Membership Types | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 117. Television | Membership Types | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| 118. Radio media | Membership Types | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| 119. News and press agencies | Membership Types | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ||
| 120. Others | Membership Types | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ||
| 121. Comment on 120. | Membership Types | Production companies | Student news organizations | Student publications | Hyperlocal news and special interest websites. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 122. Can the Council deal with content that is published in newspapers? | Scope | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 123. Can the Council deal with content that is published in magazines? | Scope | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 124. Can the Council deal with content that is published in television? | Scope | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| 125. Can the Council deal with content that is published in radio? | Scope | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| 126. Can the Council deal with content that is published in websites? | Scope | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 127. Can the Council deal with content that is published in weblogs (produced by media outlets or independent bloggers)? | Scope | Yes | Either created by media outlets | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 128. Can the Council deal with content that is published in podcasts (produced by media outlets or independent content creators)? | Scope | Yes | Either created by media outlets | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 129. Can the Council deal with content that is published in nonfiction books? | Scope | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | |||
| 130. Comment on 129. | Scope | If they are published by a media outlet, books can be dealt with | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this comes in | To be decided | Only if these are published by a media outlet | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 131. Can the Council deal with content that is published in posts by media outlets on social media? | Scope | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 132. Can the Council deal with content that is published in posts by individual journalists on social media? | Scope | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| 133. Comment on 132. | Scope | No | If they are writing in their capacity of journalist | No | No | No | No | If they are writing in their capacity of journalist | Yes | If the account is used for professional purposes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 134. Can the Council deal with content that is published in user comments on the website of a media outlet (or the moderation thereof)? | Scope | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 135. Comment on 134. | Scope | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this arrives | To be decided | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this arrives | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this comes in | If these comments are pre-moderated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 136. Can the Council deal with content that is published in user comments on the social media page of a media outlet (or the moderation thereof)? | Scope | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||||||
| 137. Comment on 136. | Scope | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this arrives | To be decided | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this arrives | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this comes in | If these comments are pre-moderated | Never encountered so far, would be decided when a complaint about this arrives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 138. Can the Council deal with content that is published in content produced by news agencies (even if this content is not re-published by other media)? | Scope | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
| 139. What are some of the ways in which the media council has power and impact? | Future | Main impact is that the awareness about self-regulation among the public and within the media sector itself has increased. | Growing number of complaints | Via its decisions, the press council is able to spark some public debate. A negative decision for media is taken seriously – other media report about these and the debate resonates on social media as well. Guidelines and advice that the Press Council publishes is implemented by the media. | Journalists are more aware of the principles and abide by them to a higher degree. This is true for principles like the right of reply and respect for privacy (especially for vulnerable people) | There is a learning effect in the sector – new issues are takceled by statements, explanations, and decisions from the Council; the Council receives many questions from journalists about deontology (before publishing); complainants seem to be learning as their questions seem to get more sophisticated | The fact that the Press Council's decisions are published and cited, and that representatives of the press councils have been called on as expert witness in trials | People submit complaints, which shows that they trust the Council's activities; the electronic media regulator forwards cases to the Council; and media/journalists react to unfavourable decisions, which shows that they do care about them | The government and news industry recognize that access to third party complaints resolution is a critical part of trusted, legitimate news media, and have cited that requirement in eligibility documents for financial assistance to the media. The conversation around de-indexing content and reputational privacy has shifted in the wake of the NNC putting that issue on the table. A member who initially objected strongly to our process has become more compliant in responding to and posting decisions. | Journalists that do genuine reporting take time to answer the complaints and do their best to defend their choices | To deal with complaints on journalists' posts on social media. | Media see it as a quality label when they can put the Council's logo on their website to show that they are covered. Editors and journalist's organizations ask representatives of the council to speak and explain the latest jurisprudence. The Ethical Code is used by media outlets as a basis to formulate their own set of guidelines | Increasingly, people from the public reach out to the press council to ask questions; all media channels publish decisions of the council; journalists ask questions about ethics. Specifically, by including one local newspaper in the system, their quality of reporting has been improved | The basis of the power and impact of the Council is the vast support from the media industry. Media outlets never protest against reprimand decisions by not publishing them. The Council is also subject to strong trust from the public. The media industry is also motived to obey the guidelines and rulings of the Council. Reprimand decisions are taken seriously. The Council does not have financial sanctions etc. in its tool kit. This means that confidence and support from both, media industry and the public, is essential for the Council. | The public is increasingly grabbing us. Professionals are less and less reluctant to self-regulate their ethics, and are increasingly responding to our requests | Among journalists, the recognition is increasing. Journalists are asking the Charter questions about ethical matters, and the membership is increasing over time. Among the public, the number of complaints is increasing, which shows an increased awareness. | One is that self-regulation is well-accepted, both by the public. The (increasing) number of complaints attests to that. Two is that the majority of the media companies accept the system by contributing (financially) and cooperating with the complaints procedures. The vast majority of editors and journalists replies when the Press Council presents them with a complaint from the public. | Media who have joined are more aware of ethical considerations in reporting, and getting media and complainants to talk about their dissatisfaction with the coverage has always been an educational experience for journalists and editors. | Surveys show that journalists take the Code of Ethics seriously and abide by the guidelines in their daily work, and the surveys also shows that journalists respect the work of the Ethical Council. The number of upheld complaints has declined over time, which suggests a learning effect in the sector. | We believe we have a positive influence in regard to ethical standards of journalism and that we provide an effective means whereby the public can seek redress if they perceive a breach of the code of Practice | The authority of the committee rests on the well-developed Basic Principles of median impartiality in the consideration of complaints and cases in the first year of work, on respect and trust for the members of the committee and the heads of the organization, who spare no effort to promote media ethics issues in the Kazakh community | Press council has become a forum for media to meet and discuss (whereas there was hostility between media before). Decisions have impacted media coverage and led to a sensibilization about best practices to report | In the solidarity of journalistic organizations and journalists, their wish to strengthen a self regulation system | The Council's advice in ethical matters is requested, and its opinion is heard in matters relating to press freedom and media ethics | Media cooperate with and appreciate the activities of the Council; press releases and statements are regularly covered in the media; media appearances happen on a daily level, civil society organizations invites us to take part in their activities; international organizations quote the Press Council's findings in their analyses. | Decisions of the Council are actively used by media outlets for internal education, decisions are covered in the media | The press council has been an integral part of the media landscape in Québec for 50 years and – in stark contrast to the region – trust in media is high (80%) | We see that our decisions and monitoring data are used by media industry and other actors, that the media council is included in government documents and in the government's action plan for implementation of media strategy, and last, the bylaws and rules for co-financing of media content in public interest include consultations with council | Press Council is respected with regards to their explanation of what ‘good professional journalism ethics' means; Press Council representatives are invited for (public) debates about ethical journalism | Journalists respond to complaints, cooperate with the procedures, and are unhappy when council rules against them, which shows that they care. The number of complaints has been consistent over time, which is a sign that the council is transparent in its workings and respected by the public. | The positive appreciation of our work by the public and civil institutions, as well as the increasing number of complaints we receive that shows that the public trusts the work of the Council | The fact that media cooperate shows that the institution is well-respected and that complaint handling procedures are taken seriously | The Council is known among the public and the number of complaints is substantial. The decisions and opinions of the Council are respected and function as guidance for journalists. | Media perceive upheld complaints as something bad; decisions lead to debate in newsrooms and in the media in general, showing that they do care; most of the complaints are published in a faithful way by the media, even though there are no ways of forcing them to | Most people in Turkey have heard of us, although few know/understand our precise role | IPSO provides an invaluable public resource to those who feel wronged by press conduct and a fount of accountability for newspapers and magazines in the UK. We raise media literacy, increase public understanding of journalism and advocate for the fundamental public interest in freedom of expression. | Building, growing, and nurturing a system of approved regulation that allows independent news publishers to hold themselves to account on matters of journalistic principles and ethics. Establishing a benchmark for accountability and transparency in the media. Promoting a fair and collaborative approach to promoting the press while preserving the principles of a free press, from hyperlocal to global, in the modern media age. | ||
| 140. What future challenges does the media council foresee? | Future | An upcoming law that regulates online news coverage, which is a threat to press freedom; no structural financing, meaning a dependence on project-funding and international donors. | Institutional development and registration as legal entity | A big challenge for print media is that the advertisement market is declining. For the Council, it is a challenge to adapt to the online environment and get online-only media, as well as tv and radio, on board. Also, the complaints procedure should be simplified. | One challenge is to adapt the ethical guidelines for topics like AI (Artificial Intelligence) and the use of algorithmically constructed data, such as Twitter trending topics. Another future challenge is to promote the model of press councils as alternative for regulation/certification of media. For the Flemish media, there is the danger that commercial pressures might lead to a less clearly demarcation between journalism and advertisement (for example, native advertising). | One, teaching the public about journalistic rights (not just about the duties that journalists have); Two, the Council could be misused to put pressure on journalists, media, and legal system; Three, is the challenge to have a voice at the European table | The proliferation of hate speech in the media, huge political influence on editorial content, limited amount of ‘serious' journalism and investigative journalism, divided audiences without common narrative about common topics. | Four challenges: from government, there are attempts at regulating media; rise of internet media and un-institutional actors, raising the question what ‘media' are; economically, legacy media are dying; specifically for tv: a bigger importance of entertainment over ethics. | First, there are financial challenges, although legislated deals between Google and Facebook and the media, could offer relief. Furthermore, there is a lack of support for making broadcast websites subject to complaints review. Last, news media illiteracy that allows proliferation of misinformation through online sites, and there are related questions about how to define who is a journalist. | The association is being slapped with lawsuits; enormous amount of political pressure on journalism | AI and algorithmic serving of custom-tailored content to readers, which makes it difficult to establish afterwards what actually was the content of the article. | Challenge is whether the Code and practices of the Council should be updated because of online media. More generally, should the Code remain general in nature, or should it stipulate specific guidelines? | Nowadays various kinds of individuals and organisations are able to quite easily publish content which resembles journalistic content even though it is not journalism from the perspective of the Council. This may confuse the public. It becomes more and more essential for the media outlets which commit themselves to self-regulation to point out to the public that they act more responsibly than these other types of media. | Surviving ;-) | There is a difficulty to find structural funding for this organization. Also, it is challenging to increase the awareness about the Charter and media self-regulation in general. | The German media system is generally stable. One challenge is that the increasing number of complaints that the Presserat receives may necessitate more resources. Another concern is that the content on social media is not being evaluated by any independent institution. Big internet companies do their moderation themselves, but are inherently biased (for financial reasons), so this leaves a lot of content for which there is no impartial arbiter. Because of their limited capacity, press councils cannot deal with this, either. | Keeping the Council afloat with a limited budget and limited resources is the main challenge for the future. Increasing public awareness of the Council is another goal. | The Icelandic media market is very small and faces declinining advertisements (revenues that are now scooped up by Facebook and Google). In addition, the number of subscribers to traditional media outlets is declining. | With the convergence of media and the decline of traditional print media the biggest challenge is staying relevant | The challenges are that there may be new organizations that want to conduct the same activity, we will only welcome such organizations and support them with our experience. Another challenge is that events in the international arena will not allow us to communicate more closely with colleagues from other countries. Here we see an exit in online solutions. Our work will be only welcomed and the further there are more fakes and materials with gross violations of ethics. We help fight disinformation and propaganda by telling what professional journalists should avoid. | Financial sustainabilty is a big issue, since the council is dependent on grants and donors for their day-to-day functioning. Another is that there may be initiatives from the government to regulate online media, which may harm journalistic freedom. | Attempts to undervalue the importance of journalistic ethic and self regulation. | For the media sector: Convergence of media and its implications for plurality of content; to what extent the independence of the press can be guaranteed when the media are dependent on the state for a large chunk of their revenues. For press council: brand recognition among the general public should be enhanced; the structure of the press council (devised around legacy media) makes it hard to adapt to developments in the media sector | No structural funding, so continuation of funding is an issue; certain media distancing themselves from the press council with own, politically-motivated initiatives; overrepresentation of internet portals in the complaints, which might give the impression that the press council exists only for these media | For the press council, its capacity to handle complaints could be an issue (a new complaints officer has just been hired for this reason). Another challenge is to recruit digital media for the self- | The main challenge is financial – since the media that finance the Council are struggling in terms of business, it is becoming increasingly difficult for them to contribute to the Council; a second challenge is to increase the awareness of the Council and its workings, both among journalists and towards the public; third challenge is how to draw borders around ‘journalism' when any individual can start their own publication (outside of the traditional media companies) | to ave a higher proportion of decisions published by media outlets,to persuade those owners / editors who currently refuse, to cooperate with complaints process, to be more visible to citizens, to work towards financial sustainability | • increased importance of digital presence of print media • new media act: the possibility for politicians to respond to evaluative judgments in the media. • violations of ethical code by alternative media • threat of restriction of freedom of expression - the need to discuss the restriction on media distributing harmful content - fake news • algoritms | The membership of the association is declining; the increasing work pressure in newsrooms makes it difficult for journalists to do media council work on a voluntary basis; there is the question of whether or not publishers should be included in the system of self-regulation | The Covid-19 impact in media and the public | To get new, digital-only media involved in the self-regulatory mechanism | The biggest challenge is the precarious financial situation of the organization | For the Council, one challenge is to have a higher proportion of decisions published in the media outlets. Another challenge is to persuade those editors/journalists who currently refuse to cooperate with complaints procedure. For the Dutch media landscape, challenges are the possible consequences of the COVID-19-crisis, as well as a decline in advertising revenues. | Financial issues and governmental pressure, including judicial harrassment | Mis- and dis-information pose real threats to trust in journalism. The economic situation of many news publishers is also threatened by changes to the digital economy and loss of advertising revenue. Both of these matters are of great concern to IPSO and pose their own potential challenges to our system of independent press regulation. | • Economic and financial issues affecting the sustainability of the journalism industry and longevity of the independent news sector • Social media platforms role in surfacing and giving prominence to news, irrespective of whether the news outlet are regulated, or whether their content is ethical and in the public interest. • Ongoing state interference in the news market through state funding, competition regulation, content regulation and, reform of human rights law and national security. | |||
| 141. Complaints Lodged 2018 | Complaints statistics | 5 | 302 | 63 | 161 | 316 | 0 | 188 | 160 | 84 | 318 | 0 | 2038 | 6 | 186 | 140 | 1 | 70 | 493 | 167 | 117 | 20 | 39 | 36 | 620 | 115 | 96 | 45 | 41 | ||||||||||
| 142. Complaints Lodged 2019 | Complaints statistics | 11 | 401 | 76 | 117 | 34 | 201 | 83 | 250 | 1 | 95 | 2175 | 12 | 252 | 151 | 575 | 81 | 10 | 35 | 632 | 126 | 80 | 9766 | 39 | |||||||||||||||
| 143. Complaints Lodged 2020 | Complaints statistics | 11 | 389 | 85 | 118 | 45 | 158 | 54 | 329 | 495 | 103 | 4085 | 3 | 347 | 131 | 729 | 163 | 11 | 29 | 470 | 181 | 114 | 30126 | 46 | |||||||||||||||
| 144. Complaints Lodged 2021 | Complaints statistics | 12 | 244 | 68 | 116 | 39 | 163 | 67 | 403 | 156 | 75 | 2556 | 12 | 527 | 129 | 777 | 110 | 14 | 35 | 540 | 159 | 82 | 14355 | 40 | |||||||||||||||
| 145. Complaints Lodged 2022 | Complaints statistics | 75 | 115 | 44 | 87 | 32 | 181 | 446 | 1733 | 11 | 5 | 78 | 18 | 470 | 84 | 15 | 45 | 540 | 85 | 91 | 39 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 146. Complaints Admissible 2018 | Complaints statistics | 5 | 266 | 59 | 81 | 288 | 0 | 78 | 130 | 84 | 65 | 0 | 53 | 1457 | 4 | 75 | 1 | 70 | 335 | 111 | 77 | 18 | 30 | 22 | 89 | 80 | 75 | 42 | 14 | ||||||||||
| 147. Complaints Admissible 2019 | Complaints statistics | 10 | 380 | 68 | 82 | 28 | 128 | 83 | 223 | 88 | 6 | 139 | 129 | 70 | 7 | 26 | 250 | 97 | 51 | 1010 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 148. Complaints Admissible 2020 | Complaints statistics | 9 | 368 | 78 | 83 | 38 | 114 | 54 | 305 | 96 | 97 | 3 | 248 | 116 | 275 | 134 | 11 | 21 | 190 | 129 | 77 | 854 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
| 149. Complaints Admissible 2021 | Complaints statistics | 10 | 223 | 55 | 86 | 28 | 136 | 67 | 375 | 45 | 70 | 11 | 372 | 114 | 262 | 97 | 8 | 28 | 220 | 77 | 59 | 6739 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
| 150. Complaints Admissible 2022 | Complaints statistics | 62 | 110 | 37 | 80 | 32 | 162 | 440 | 1169 | 8 | 2 | 63 | 18 | 230 | 72 | 8 | 36 | 235 | 51 | 64 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 151. Complaints Acted 2018 | Complaints statistics | 5 | 58 | 205 | 207 | 69 | 0 | 41 | 471 | 256 | 297 | 0 | 298 | 953 | 30 | 145 | 135 | 6 | 118 | 1028 | 132 | 67 | 40 | 36 | 22 | 585 | 389 | 70 | 42 | 29 | |||||||||
| 152. Complaints Acted 2019 | Complaints statistics | 10 | 4 | 77 | 82 | 77 | 180 | 83 | 57 | 81 | 484 | 6 | 9 | 263 | 70 | 1 | 26 | 150 | 123 | 72 | 621 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 153. Complaints Acted 2020 | Complaints statistics | 9 | 2 | 83 | 120 | 83 | 136 | 54 | 56 | 80 | 530 | 3 | 7 | 251 | 134 | 0 | 21 | 150 | 163 | 78 | 496 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 154. Complaints Acted 2021 | Complaints statistics | 10 | 10 | 79 | 121 | 79 | 159 | 67 | 60 | 82 | 501 | 11 | 7 | 251 | 97 | 0 | 28 | 150 | 197 | 92 | 461 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 155. Complaints Acted 2022 | Complaints statistics | 66 | 124 | 44 | 80 | 32 | 147 | 436 | 413 | 11 | 13 | 62 | 18 | 39 | 65 | 8 | 235 | 95 | 72 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 157. Complaints Upheld 2018 | Complaints statistics | 3 | 36 | 18 | 8 | 18 | 0 | 10 | 32 | 22 | 23 | 0 | 52 | 287 | 0 | 10 | 73 | 1 | 38 | 69 | 31 | 42 | 3 | 19 | 13 | 86 | 20 | 16 | 28 | 5 | |||||||||
| 158. Complaints Upheld 2019 | Complaints statistics | 8 | 75 | 18 | 12 | 28 | 27 | 17 | 16 | 74 | 3 | 9 | 71 | 51 | 42 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 17 | 55 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 159. Complaints Upheld 2020 | Complaints statistics | 8 | 89 | 13 | 21 | 38 | 27 | 25 | 24 | 17 | 66 | 0 | 7 | 64 | 56 | 87 | 3 | 41 | 23 | 9 | 77 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| 160. Complaints Upheld 2021 | Complaints statistics | 9 | 67 | 12 | 20 | 28 | 41 | 23 | 24 | 23 | 68 | 2 | 7 | 48 | 73 | 78 | 3 | 17 | 34 | 14 | 88 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 161. Complaints Upheld 2022 | Complaints statistics | 11 | 20 | 16 | 57 | 17 | 42 | 11 | 234 | 2 | 1 | 45 | 10 | 14 | 62 | 3 | 36 | 20 | 17 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 162. Complaints Not Upheld 2018 | Complaints statistics | 2 | 18 | 12 | 50 | 17 | 57 | 59 | 40 | 9 | 276 | 3 | 15 | 62 | 0 | 16 | 204 | 46 | 21 | 8 | 17 | 7 | 27 | 28 | 33 | 14 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| 163. Complaints Not Upheld 2019 | Complaints statistics | 2 | 301 | 24 | 18 | 6 | 101 | 37 | 41 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 58 | 146 | 16 | 3 | 43 | 43 | 33 | 119 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 164. Complaints Not Upheld 2020 | Complaints statistics | 1 | 277 | 28 | 20 | 7 | 82 | 27 | 32 | 12 | 14 | 3 | 12 | 52 | 195 | 29 | 3 | 37 | 61 | 35 | 95 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| 165. Complaints Not Upheld 2021 | Complaints statistics | 1 | 146 | 19 | 22 | 11 | 95 | 37 | 36 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 20 | 66 | 178 | 7 | 48 | 81 | 41 | 128 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 166. Complaints Not Upheld 2022 | Complaints statistics | 11 | 34 | 21 | 23 | 15 | 105 | 47 | 156 | 6 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 200 | 31 | 24 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 167. Complaint Other 2018 | Complaints statistics | 22 | 33 | 20 | 185 | 0 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 56 | 16 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 19 | 33 | 0 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| 168. Complaint Other 2019 | Complaints statistics | 0 | 35 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 36 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 169. Complaint Other 2020 | Complaints statistics | 0 | 42 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 29 | 38 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 170. Complaint Other 2021 | Complaints statistics | 0 | 48 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 236 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 171. Complaint Other 2022 | Complaints statistics | 32 | 35 | 84 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 172. When someone has a complaint, can they take it to the media council without contacting the media first? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| 173. Comment on 172. | Preparing to make a complaint | A complainant is required to contact the editor or journalist first | However, when complainants want a comment on social media deleted, they are referred to the media first | Yes | Except for regional stations of DR, TV 2 of TV 2; or, if it's about de-indexation, anonymization, or request for removal. In these cases, the complainant should contact the respective media outlet. | However, not always – if the complaint concerns an error, the complainant is required to get in touch with the media outlet first | The complainant does not have to contact the media outlet first, but it is recommended that they do | E-mail or letter to editor first. If no response or unsatisfied with response, complaint process can be continued | Acomplainant is required to contact the editor or journalist first | The complainant does not have to contact the media outlet first, but it is recommended that they do | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 174. Is it possible to submit a complaint by regular mail? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 175. Is it possible to submit a complaint by e-mail? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 176. Is it possible to submit a complaint by fax? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | ||
| 177. Is it possible to submit a complaint by telephone? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | ||
| 178. Is it possible to submit a complaint via a form on the media council\'s website? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 179. Is it possible to submit a complaint via social media? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ||
| 180. Can one complain about any type of media content, or does the publication have to be about the complainant in any way? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| 181. Comment on 180. | Preparing to make a complaint | It must be complainant (or the authorizer) whose privacy is violated, who has been mistreated in the interviewing process or who has been a subject of negative publicity but has not been granted a right to reply. | Matter must involve complainant in a concrete manner. | Complainant named in an article or can demonstrate how they have been personally affected by what was published | One has to be directly involved in the coverage | The complainant can submit a complaint about any point of the Code of Ethics even if it does not directly affect him | Personally affected by harm, and personally identified, by name/mage or by other details. | All editorial content is covered by the rules of the Editors' Code. However, the position of the first party is considered paramount when making complaints about any Code clause other than Clause 1 (Accuracy). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 182. Are there any time restrictions for submitting a complaint? | Preparing to make a complaint | 2 months | 3 months | 6 months | 3 months | 2 months | 2 months | 1 month for daily newspapers, 2 months for weekly publications, no time restriction for online media | 2 months | 1 month | 6 months | 2 months | 12 weeks | 3 months | 3 months | 3 months | 1 month for non-member, 3 months for member journalists | 12 months | No time restrictions | 2 months | 3 months | 2 weeks | 1 month | 12 months | Reasonable delay | 1 month | 6 months | 3 months | 3 months (unlimited for online) | 3 months | 1 month | 2 months | 3 months | 3 months | 6 months | 2 months | 4 months print/1 year online | 4 months | |
| 183. Are anonymous complaints accepted? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 184. Comment on 183. | Preparing to make a complaint | Anonymous complaints are not always accepted – the Senate decides on a case-by-case basis | Certain cases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 185. Does the complainant have to indicate which part of the Code of Ethics they think has been breached? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 186. Is submitting a complaint free? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 187. Is it possible to complain about any media, regardless of whether they have chosen to join the media council? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 188. Does the media council try to mediate between media and complainants to work out an alternative solution? | Preparing to make a complaint | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 189. Comment on 188. | Preparing to make a complaint | The Council uses their informal contacts with colleague working for media outlets to try and find a solution | Through direct or mediated communication between the complainant and the media | The Senate can start an Ombudsman procedure before deciding on the case | We are looking for solutions by inviting the parties to the Council | Ombudsman or one of the parties may suggest a solution to resolve the matter without a decision from the Council | Parties are asked about whether they would like to make use of the possibility for mediation; Press Council will then talk to the other party | There is an obligatory mediation procedure, in which the council tries to find a solution between the parties, such as a retraction or correction | Because of a lack of resources and capacity, the Council does not mediate by default, but the possibility is always (as stipulated in the bylaws) suggested to the complainant | This is part of our complaints-handling process | At least not formally – there might be informal mediation to see if a solution can be reached before adjudication | If the secretary sees a possibility of a compromise between the parties, they propose this to complainant and media | There is a possibility to mediate, but it is rarely used in practice | When the secretary of the organization sees a possibile solution, he tries to bring the parties together to discuss this possibility | No | The Council tries to organize a meeting between the journalist/editor-in-chief and the complainant in order to resolve matters | The case officer will advise on a possible conciliation opportunity and can facilitate an informal and confidential mediation between the two parties to find a resolution | If the press council sees an opportunity for reconciliation (correction, follow-up interview), they try to do it in this way | Live Meeting | The Executive Director reaches out to the two parties and tries to find out if a solution (reply, follow-up interview, apology) could resolve the matter | At least not formally – there might be informal mediation to see if a solution can be reached before adjudication | External professionals try to find a solution that both parties can agree on | Mediation is part of the complaints-handling process | The Council (usually the Secretary) communicates with the media representatives to mediate the conflict with the complainant. | There is a (theoretical) possibility for the Press Council to negotiate an apology, retraction, follow-up, or other solution | Through a meeting between the complainant and the media or journalist to seek mediation | This is part of our complaints-handling process | IPSO Complaints Officers mediate between the publication and complainant in attempts to resolve the complaint | Complaints are directed to publishers in the first instance so that both parties have the opportunity to resolve without investigation. Such cases are often resolved and listed in above complaints data. | ||||||||||
| 190. When starting the complaints process, does the complainant have to promise not to take the matter to court (or waive their right to do so)? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 191. Will the media council handle complaints about content that is being treated by a court simultaneously? | Preparing to make a complaint | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| 192. Before the meeting at which a decision about a complaint is taken, does anyone check whether or not the formal requirements are met? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 193. Comment on 192. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | By the executive office | Complaints are considered by the secretariat at the initial stage. | By the Secretary-General | By the secretary-general (or by the Council, in unusual cases) | By the complaints officer | By the president and the secretary | Staff determine whether a complaint falls within its mandate | By the secretary | By all members of the Commission | By the executive office | By the secretary | Complaints analyst | By three members of the Council | By the secretary | By the executive office and the Chair of the Committee | By the Chair + the legal advisor | By the CEO of the association | By case officer + Ombudsman | Secretary of the committee | By the complaints officer | Yes | By the President | By the executive office | By the Secretary-General | By the executive office + admissibility commitee | By the secretary-general | Secretary of the Council | By the Secretary-General | The general secretary check if the admission of the complaint. | By Ombudsman | By the executive director | By a vice-chair and the secretary | The secretary-general | Complaints Officers | By the executive office | |||
| 194. Before the meeting at which a decision about a complaint is taken, does anyone check that the complaint is within the media council\'s scope? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | Yes | Secretariat | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 195. Comment on 194. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | By the executive office | By the Secretary-General | By the secretary-general (or by the Council, in unusual cases) | By the complaints officer | By the president and the secretary | Staff may decline to accept a complaint if it is not within its mandate | By the secretary | By all members of the Commission | By the executive office | By the secretary | Complaints analyst | By three members of the Council | By the secretary | By the executive office and the Chair of the Committee | By the Chair + the legal advisor | By the CEO of the association | By case officer + Ombudsman | committee | By the complaints officer | the Commission | By the President | By the executive office | By the Secretary-General | By the executive office + admissibility commitee | By the secretary-general | Chair, Vice-Chairs | By the Secretary-General | By an employee, in consultation with the chair and the secretary-general | By Ombudsman | By the executive director | secretary general | The secretary-general | Complaints Team | Regulation team | ||||
| 196. Before the meeting at which a decision about a complaint is taken, is it possible to dismiss the case when it is clearly baseless? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |||
| 197. Comment on 196. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | The Chair of the Senate (in case it concerns a procedure in which someone is personally affected) | By the Secretary-General | By the secretary-general (or by the Council, in unusual cases) | Staff may reject a complaint | By all members of the Commission | By the Chair | By the secretary | By the assigned complaint officer + the Chair | By three members of the Council | By the secretary | By the executive office and the Chair of the Committee | By case officer + Ombudsman | The committee | the Commission | By the President | The Secretary-General can suggest that the complaints receives a simplified treatment by the Council | The Council members | By an employee, in consultation with the chair and the secretary-general | By Ombudsman | By the president (advised by executive director) | secretary general | The secretary-general | Complaints Team | |||||||||||||||
| 198. If a case is dismissed on formal grounds, or because there clearly was no ethical wrongdoing, is it possible for the complainant to appeal to that decision? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||
| 199. Comment on 198. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | Only in case it concerns a procedure in which someone is personally affected | On the basis of factual errors | Complainants cannot appeal the decision, but are informed about the intention to give a simplified treatment beforehand. They are able to comment this intention before a final decision about this is made. | Yes | By an employee, in consultation with the chair and the secretary-general (the other council members will be notified) | After consideration by the Ombudsman, the complainant could bypass the Ombudsman and go to the Media Council itself instead | council | Complaints Committee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 200. Before the meeting at which a decision about a complaint is taken, does anyone write a summary of the case? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 201. Comment on 200. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | By the executive office | By the secretary-general | By the complaints officer | By one designated Council member | Staff summarize the complaint and make a recommendation to the Council | By the secretary of the Commission and the employee secretary | By the executive office | By the assigned complaint officer | By three members of the Council | By the secretary | By the executive office | The chairman | The secretary | By the President | By the staff | By an analyst | By the secretary-general | By one member of the council | By one member of the council | a rapporteur is appointed who summarizes the case and then writes a report | By Ombudsman and staff | The secretary-general | There is a short overview of the complaint written by the investigating Complaints Officer, but there is no view or outcome proffered by the executive in the summary | Regulation team | ||||||||||||||
| 202. Before the meeting at which a decision about a complaint is taken, does anyone summarize decisions that the council made in similar cases in the past? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||
| 203. Comment on 202. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | By the Secretary-General | By the secretary-general | By the complaints officer | By the secretary of the Commission and the employee secretary | By the executive office | By the secretary | By the assigned complaint officer | By the secretary | The preparation may include this summary of previous decisions, by the executive office | By the legal advisor | By the President | By the executive director | By an analyst | By the secretary-general and the presiding member of the complaints commission | usually the Chair | he staff prepares a report | Ombudsman | By one Council member and executive director | Sometimes, by the secretary | |||||||||||||||||||
| 204. Before the case heads to the full complaint-handling body to take a decision, does someone advise whether the case should be upheld or not? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |||||||
| 205. Comment on 204. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | By the executive office, upon a request from the Senate | By secretary-general, together with the reporting commission (three council members) for that particular case | By the secretary-general (in written procedure) or a commission of 3 council members (in oral procedure) | By one designated Council member | Staff make a recommendation to Council based on internal discussion | By the secretary of the Commission and the employee secretary | By the executive office | By the assigned complaint officer + the Chair | By three members of the Council | By the legal advisor | By the staff members | By the secretary-general and the presiding member of the complaints commission | By one member of the council | The secretary employee | By Ombudsman and staff | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 206. Before the case heads to the full complaint-handling body to take a decision, does anyone write a draft decision (that can be amended based on the discussion of the decision-making body)? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | |||||
| 207. Comment on 206. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | By secretary-general, together with the reporting commission (three council members) for that particular case | By the secretary-general (in written procedure) or a commission of 3 council members (in oral procedure) | By one designated Council member | By the secretary of the Commission and the employee secretary | By the executive office | By the assigned complaint officer + the Chair | different members of the committee | Experts | By the staff | By the secretary-general and the presiding member of the complaints commission | By one member of the council | By one member of the council | The president and the secretary general | By one Council member and executive director | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 208. Are there any other preparations done before the complaint is treated by the decision-making body? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||||||
| 209. Comment on 208. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | If necessary, the executive office will gather extra substantive/content-related information | If necessary, the designated Council member will try to verify factual information | Staff may conduct related research into facts and journalistic standards, analysis of the complaint, summary of the issues, and recommendation of a resolution or decision. | By the secretary of the Commission and the employee secretary | Upon request from council members, secretary can gather more factual information | If necessary, the assigned complaint officer will gather extra substantive/content-related information | The Secretary makes sure that all material, relevant for making a decision, is available | The executive office makes sure that all material, relevant for making a decision, is available | Members of the organization | If necessary to make a decision, the executive director will gather extra (background) information | The Council tries to establish all factual information regarding the complaint and the publication | The draft decision is compared with past decisions to ensure consistency in the jurisprudence | The Secretary and the Chair, expert journalist or legal information by the members | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 210. How are the people who prepare the complaints for decision-making appointed? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | Not applicable | MEO coordinator (not member) designated by MEO members. | Executive office consists of employees, Senate Chairs are chosen by the Board of the Association | Secretary-general is full-time employee; reporting commission are selected from the full Council (1 journalist; 1 from media; 1 from public) | Secretary-general is full-time employee; commission of three is drawn from the full Council | Complaints officer is a full time employee | Staff members are full-time employees | Secretary is an employee of the journalists' association | They have a legal education and are hired of the Presscouncils secretary | Secretary is part-time employee | Complaint officer is employee, chair of the organization is appointed for 4 year term via open vacany by the annual meeting of the Association | The members are people that represent the journalists, the publishers, and the public, respectively | The secretary is a full-time employee of the organization | The executive office consists of paid employees, chairpersons are chosen among comittee members | CEO is employed by the Union | Case officer and ombudsman are employees, Ombudsman is selected by Press Council, following public competition | Complaints officer and legal advisor are employees of the organization | President is someone representing the public, traditionally a judge, who is appointed by the General Assembly of the organization | Executive director is appointed every four years by the board of the organization | Analyst is employee; admissibilty committee is selected by the Board of Directors | The secretary-general is appointed by the managing board (after public competition). The chair is delegated by the founding organizations on a turn-by-turn basis. | Secretary-General is employee; the council member volunteers to prepare the case | They are appointed by the board of the association | The position of the Ombudsman, when vacated, will be filled by Board of Association, which searches for candidates. The official appointment is done by a group of three: the chair of the National Press Club, the chair of the Bar Association, and the Parliamentary Ombudsman. | Executive director is full-time employee, Council members and President of the Council are elected by the board of the Foundation | Vice-chair is appointed by board, secretary is employee | The secretary-general is appointed by the Supreme Council/High Board | Not applicable | Office workers are full-time employees | |||||||||
| 211. How many members (including substitutes) does the full complaints commission have? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | 5 | 14 | 33 | 7 | 36 | 40 | 11 | 10 | 15 | 11 | 17 | 16 | 10 | 27 | 60 | 9 | 28 | 5 | 13 | 9 | 36 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 16 | 22 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 32 | 21 | 24 | 40 | 13 | 16 | ||
| 212. What types of groups are part of the complaints commission? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | All 5 are academics or experts | 6 members represent industry, 4 members – profession, 4 members - public | All members are journalists, the chairs are lawyers | 3 members represent the public 4 members represent journalists | 12 delegates of the publishers; 12 delegates of the journalist association; 12 members of the public/experts | 6 journalists from journalist association, 6 editors, 2 editors-in-chief, 6 members from civil society. Each member has a substitute. | Journalists, academics, and legal practitioners (no fixed number of these categories stipulated) | Journalists, professors, and lawyers (but no quotum) | The Council consists of 8 members of the public ('public directors') and 7 representatives of news media organizations ('professional directors') | 11 journalists | 5 members from civil society, 12 from the media sector | One chair (supreme court justice), one vice-chair (lawyer), two members from the public, two editors, two journalists. Times two as every member has a deputy. | 6 people from news media, 4 outsiders | 1 Chair, 5 (+5 substitutes) from the public, 8 (+8 substitutes) from the media | 10 journalists,10 representatives of the media, 10 representatives of the public | 9 journalists (3 from the capital, 6 from the rest of the country) | 14 people delegated from publishers; 14 from the unions | There is no standing council, but instead there is a list of 50 people (journalists, retired journalists, experts, and academics) who may be asked to sit on the complaints commission | 3 members from the journalist union, 1 from the publishers and 1 member from University of Iceland Ethics department/foundation. | 7 public interest and 6 industry members | 3 public interest, 6 journalist/editors/ media/others | 36 journalists | 2 members from journalist organisation, 7 members from different organizations that represent different branches of media. | 4 members + 1 non-voting president | 2 representatives of media owners; 2 representatives proposed by Association of Journalists; 3 representatives of the public (experts in media, ethics, law) | 2 journalists; 2 editors; 3 lay members | One president (from the public), 7 journalist members, 7 media company members, 7 members from the public | 3 representatives of the Media Association, 1 representative of Local press, 2 representatives of Independent Association of Journalists of Serbia, 2 Representatives of the Journalist Association of Serbia, 3 representatives of the public | 3 founding members of the Association; Every AONE member has the right to nominate a member of the TR SR. | 9 journalists, 2 representatives of the public | No designated groups | 4 judges; 14 representatives of the media; 12 members of the public | 15 media professionals, 6 representatives of the public | One (non-voting) Chair, 4 vice-chairs (all magistrates); 10 members with background in journalism; 10 representatives of the public (5 experts & 5 citizens) | 12 journalists (3 of whom are elected from cities outside Istanbul by the Board of Members); 14 representatives of readers; the President of the Press Council Solidarity and Development Foundation; 1 representative to be determined by the press organs with circulation rate of more than 100 thousand; 1 representative from websites; 3 representatives of journalist associations; Representatives of Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir Bar Associations with the Turkish Bar Association; and representatives of institutions providing ethics services. | Independent members, senior-level experience, representatives newspapers and magazines | th different backgrounds, but who are not politically active or active journalists/editors (on 6 members from a wide range of journalism, legal, commercial experiences • Supplementary regulatory committee members – 8 supplementary met | |
| 213. Who appoints members of the body that decides on complaints? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | Council members are appointed by the general assembly of the organization | Elected by the board of the Press Council | Members of Board | 12 members appointed by publishers; 12 members appointed by journalist association; 12 members chosen from the public/experts | 6 journalists from journalist association, 6 editors nominated by media members, 2 editors-in-chief, chosen by journalists and media, 6 from civil society by public call and chosen by journalists and media. Formal appointment is by the executive board of the Association. | Board drafts a list of people who would be good candidates for the Counci, and appoints people from this list | Directors are nominated by a nominations committee composed of existing directors. Public directors are selected based on their credibility in their respective communities and prior board experience. Professional directors are typically selected by their respective news organizations. | Members can run for the council and are elected by the General Assembly of the association | Members from the media are nominated by their respective organization (3 nominated by the union of journalists, 3 by the media publishers, 1 by the public broadcaster, 2 from commercial tv stations, 1 from commercial radio, and 2 from online media). These members choose the 5 civil society members | Formally, everyone by Minister of Justice. Chair is recommended by president of Supreme Court. Journalist-members are recommended by Journalist Union. Editor-members recommended by editors association, TV stations can nominate members. Laypeople recommended by Danish association for adult education | Media outlets can recommend certain people, the newsmedia association board formally appoints them | Eight members proposed by member organizations (3 year term); Five members of the public, selected by Council via public vacancy (3 year term) | General assembly of the members of the CDJM association | Elected from the members of the organization | The four ‘trägerorganisationen' each delegate 7 people | Member media nominate suitable candidates for the list | 3 members nominated by the union, 1 by the publishers, 1 by an ethical institute (liked to the university) | Ombudsman is selected by Press Council, following public competition | Conference of Media of Kazakhstan | Each of the 36 members (media outlets) of the organization selects one person | The Association of Ethics in the Provision of Information to the Public | Appointed by the Press Council itself | The managing board of the organization | Journalists are recommended by the journalist union; Editors are recommended by the editors' association; Laymembers are recommended by a group of four (secretary-general, 2 people from society selected by the board, and one former lay member) | Journalist members are nominated by the journalist union, media members are nominated by media companies, president and public members are selected by the Board (after publiec announcement of the vacancy) and by recommendation of a selection committe | The four founding organizations (Media Association, Local press, Independent Association of Journalists of Serbia, Journalist Association of Serbia) appoint their representatives, representatives of the public are elected via public competition | 3 members proposed by the syndicate of journalists, 3 proposed by print media association, 3 proposed by internet media association. No rules on what background these people should have, but they cannot be active journalists | 5 of the journalists selected by association; the other 4 by the general assembly of the union. One member of the public is nominated by association's general assembly; the other one is nominated by the union's assembly | They are recruited among persons (mostly veterans) from journalism and other areas of civil society | The Media companies appoints media representatives, the Chairman om Lawyers association and the chief Justitie Ombudsman appoints the public. The Chairmen (judges) are appointed by the Media Companies | Council members are elected by the board of the Foundation | Chair: no specific procedure; vice-chair by referral; journalist members proposed by editors' association or journalist associaton; public members: public vacancy; experts: by referral. Interviews with secretary and chair, formal appointment by Board. | Readers' representatives are chosen by election, every 3 years at the General Council, the others are nominated by their respective organizations | PSO Appointment Panel | Impress Board | |||
| 214. How many complaints commission members decide on each single complaint? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | All 5 members | MEO members available for the meeting on the complaint(s) | One Senate: 10 members + 1 chair | All 36 members | 20 Council members | 9 members | All 10 members | All 15 members | All 11 members | All 17 members | 4 members of the council: the chair, 1 editor, 1 journalist, 1 member from the public | All 10 members | Chair + 13 council members | 30 council members | All 9 members | One Council of 12 members (except for data-related matters, 10 member Council) | 3 people from the list: one picked by the complainant, one by the media outlet, and one by the press council | All 5 members | The Press Ombudsman | majority of the Committee | All 36 members | full Commission | All 4 members | All 7 members | All members | 6 members (2 journalists, 2 media representatives, 2 members of the public) | At least 7 members | All 9 members | All 11 members | All 14 members | Group of 12: one judge; 6 media representatives; 5 representatives of the public | 7 members (5 media professionals, 2 representatives of the public) | 5 members: Chair/deputy, two journalist members and two external members (1 expert + 1 citizen) | All 40 members | All 12 members of the IPSO Complaints Committee | Regulatory sub-committees appointed by the Board. | ||
| 215. Do the members of the complaints commission receive any financial compensation? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | NO | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| 216. Comment on 215. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | €50/meeting | Theoretically, a sitting fee of €30 per meeting (which no member asks for) + travel expenses for freelance journalists | Only external members and freelance journalists, €35 per meeting | €100/meeting, plus hotel/travel costs | Professional directors are not paid; public directors receive a fee of about €1350 per year | Members are entitled to a sitting fee, but in practice the members do not ask for them | €430-730/session + expenses | Chair gets symbolic fee of €156/month | Council members get €100 + transport costs for each meeting | Compensation for transport and hotel fees (for members from outside the capital) | Transportation and hotel expenses covered | Press Ombudsman is full-time employee | €90 / month per member | Head of the Council receives €4000/year, lay members receive €400/meeting | Transportation fee, hotel and expenses covered | A €250 sitting fee plus reimbursement for travel expenses | Members can have their transportation fees covered | Transportation expenses covered | Chair of the Council receives €5000/year plus sitting fees; judges receive €4000/year plus sitting fees; representatives of the public receive €180/meeting; representatives of the media receive €30/meeting | 100CHF per year, 150CHF sitting fee + transportation | Travel expenses + presence fee (vice-chair: €113,45 , regular members €45,80) | |||||||||||||||||
| 217. Is it formally possible that one or both parties are invited to an oral hearing as part of the complaints process? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| 218. Comment on 217. | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | There is a possibility to hear complainants and/or media, if necessary | Written and orally. | The media are always invited. In case the complaint concerns someone personally affected by the coverage, the complainant is invited as well. | Both parties are heard together by the secretary-general and the three members who prepare the case for the full council | When the case is complicated and the Council needs extra input, a hearing may be organized | Both the complainant and the journalist/editor-in-chief can be heard, but this is not mandatory | If a case keeps dragging on, the media can be invited for a hearing | Sometimes experts are heard too. The procedure is written in nature, but there is a possibility to invite editor/complainant/specialist in the decision-making meeting. | There is a public discussion of the case, in which both parties can present their viewpoint | There is a possibility to hear the parties, but this is rarely done in practice | However, organizing a hearing is rarely done | However, this happens very rarely | Parties to the dispute | public meeting | Both parties are invited to the committee to provide information | However, this is very rare | However, this happens very rarely | However, this happens very rarely | Both the complainant and the journalist/editor-in-chief are heard | The parties are invited to the public hearing of the case | Both the complainants and complainees can be heard orally, but that is seldom the case | Complainants and publications must state their positions in writing rather than presenting them orally before the committee | Parties may be heard for cross-examination (in cases in which the facts are disputed) | |||||||||||||||
| 219. Is the government involved in the complaints handling procedure? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 220. Is it possible for either party to appeal the complaints committee\'s decision? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 221. In case of an appeal, which people make the new decision? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | MEO, however somehow different composition than one making initial decision | Board | A specialized commission for each decision, which consists of three media editors, members of the Council's Assembly, and Executive director of the Council | The Council itself based on the draft prepared by vice-chair of the Council. The Chair and the complaints analyst who prepared the complaint are recused. | The bureau may decide to re-examine a referral by the CDJM | The Board of the Council | press council | meeting of the committee | Vilnius Regional Administrative Court. | Six ex-members of the Council | Complaints Reviewer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 222. Who selects the people who make the new decision? | Preparation prior to complaint-handling body | No special procedure. | Board | The managing board | The six board members are chosen among the editors-in-chief who are member of the organization | Groups (types) of media nominate representatives; journalist union holds internal competition; for the members from the public, a call is publicly advertised, and the selection is done by the Appointments Committee | Members of the committee | The members of this committee are selected by the Board of Directors of the organization | IPSO Appointment Panel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 223. Does the complaints commission\'s decision indicate the severity of the breach? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| 224. Comment on 223. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | MEO can also signal the severity of the breach. | The commission distinghuishes between two levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, it is considered a breach, or a minor breach. | council only determine whether or not an ethical guideline also signal the severity of the breach | The commission distinghuishes between two levels of severity. The Council may decide to dismiss, uphold, or dismiss the complaint with reservations | The commission distinghuishes between three levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, a warning is given, a severe warning is given, or it is decided that there was a serious breach | The commission distinghuishes between two levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, it is upheld, or a severe reprimand is given | The commission distinghuishes between three levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, an advisory notice is issued, the commission voices its disapproval, or the commission issues a reprimand | The commission distinghuishes between three levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, the commission issues a warning, it is considered a serious breach, or it is considered a very serious breach | The commission distinghuishes between two levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, the commission issues a reprimand for a minor flaw, or the commission upholds the complaint for a breach of the ethical code | The commission distinghuishes between three levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, it is considered a minor breach, it is considered a serious breach, or severe blame is given | The commission distinghuishes between three levels of severity. A complaint is either not upheld, the commission issues a caution, the commission can issue its concern, or the commission issues a reprimand | The commission distinghuishes between three levels of severity. | The commission distinghuishes between two levels of severity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 225. Is it possible to sanction the media or journalist for an upheld complaint? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||
| 226. Comment on 225. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | If the complaint is against media which is member MEO issues a judgment, which has to be published in the media as well as disseminated it through the means available for MEO. If not member – MEO issues expert opinion and just disseminates it through the means available for MEO | Disbarment from the journalists' association for current members; up to 2 year membership ban for non-members | Journalists could be banned from the association/union | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 227. Are there any financial consequences for the media or the journalist when it is deemed to have breached a journalistic principle? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | |||||
| 228. Comment on 227. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | However, upheld decisions may indirectly influence the government's willingness to co-finance media content of media outlets. | When a complaint is upheld, media have to pay a handling fee. This fee amounts to 13.000 SEK for publications with a circulation of fewer than 10.000 copies, and 32.000 SEK for publications with for a circulation of 10.000 or more. Independent online magazines pay 13.000 SEK. | The fines amount to a maximum of 1% of the publisher's annual turnover, capped at 1 million pound | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 229. Does the council require or expect media to publish (a summary of) their decision when a complaint was upheld? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 230. Comment on 229. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | If the upheld complaint concerns someone who was NOT personally affected (which is rare) | In some cases, media outlets are asked to publish the decision (but not by default) | This is decided on a case-by-case basis | In case of a reprimand, the media should publish about the decision | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 231. Before the meeting at which a decision about a complaint is taken, does anyone write a summary of the case? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 232. Does the council specify how fast a decision should be published? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| 233. Comment on 232. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | 14 days | Within 14 days | Within 7 days after the Council has sent the decision to the media outlet | Within a week | Yes | As soon as possible | Within 10 days | Immediately | Within 7 days | No | Promptly | Within 3 weeks after the decision has been made | Within 30 days after the complaint was upheld | Print newspapers and online media should publish the decision within 5 days, a weekly magazine within 10 days | In the earliest possible issue of the media in question | Within two weeks | Promptly | The Code requires corrections be published promptly, but the Committee generally coordinates with publications on the exact date of publication in circumstances when the Committee orders the correction. | By date of publication of decision | |||||||||||||||||||
| 234. Does the council specify how prominent a decision should be published? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| 235. Comment on 234. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | It should be as prominent as the original article | For print media, it should be on a ‘visible spot'. For news websites, the decision has to be on the home page for at least 24 hours, it has to be linked to the original publication, and it should remain on the website for at least 1 year | It should be on the front page of the website for at least 48 hours, and there should be a permanent reference under the archived article/content and/or on the Facebook page of the program that is the subject of the complaint | A decision should be published in the space normally used for corrections, and the decision, or a link, should be appended to the article if the article is online. | Similar prominent place as original article | However, websites need to place a link to the decision next to the original article | Due prominence on the website; the media should publish the decision without further comment | It has to have the same amount of exposure | In print, the decision has to be given due prominence. For news websites, the decision has to be on the homepage for at least 24 hours. | In a similar way as the publication that was complained about | Though it is recommended that the media publis it in the same section as the original publication | The Committee can decide on which page or what part of the website the correction should appear. | These are set out in each individual case | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 236. Does the council specify in what form a decision should be published? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||||
| 237. Comment on 236. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | The Senate decides this for each case | The decision summary has to be published in the same media form as the original publication, and/or on the website of the media outlet | It always has to be on the website | A decision should be in the media form or all media forms in which the article appeared. | All forms in which the original article was published | All forms in which the original article was published | Has to be in the same outlet type that the decision was about; if the medium has a website, it should be published online as well | An 'appropriate form'; in the case of news websites, the original article should be edited to include a link to the announcement of the reprimand | It has to have the same amount of exposure | Same as publication. When a print article was also published online, the latter should be annotated to indicate the decision | No | Same media form as the original publication | It has to be in the same media form as the original publication | Same media form as the original publication | The Committee can decide whether the correction appears in print and/or online. | In same form as original content | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 238. How often do media outlets publish the (summary of a) decision when a complaint about them was upheld? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | Never | Rarely | Always | Often | Always | Always | Sometimes | Sometimes | Always | Never | Often | Always | Always | Always | Often | Always | Often | Always | Always | Sometimes | Always | Sometimes | Always | Often | Often | Often | Often | Rarely | Almost always | Always | Often | Never | Always | Always | ||||
| 239. Have decisions of the council ever been used in a legal court case? | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||||
| 240. Comment on 239. | Consequences of Complaints Procedures | MEO stops procedure if the case goes to the court. However, MEO may issue opinion if the parties in the Court request it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 241. What is the name in the media council\'s native language? | Codes of Ethics | Kodi i Etikes | Code of ethics of Armenian media and journalists | Ehrenkodex | CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR JOURNALISTS OF AZERBAIJAN | Code van de Raad voor de Journalistiek | Code de déontologie journalistique | Kodeks za štampu i online medije | Етичен кодекс (Etishen Kodeks) | The NNC does not have its own code of ethics. We hold members accountable to the ethical guidelines they establish for themselves | Kodeks časti hrvatskih novinara | Kodika Dimisiografikis Deontologias | Vejledning om god presseskik | Eesti ajakirjanduseetika koodeks | Journalistin ohjeet | Three Charters are used: Charte du SNJ, Déclaration de Munich, Charte Mondiale | ქარტიის (Charter) | Pressekodex | Etikai kodex | Siðareglur Blaðamannafélags Íslands | The Code of Practice of the Press Council of Ireland | BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDIA IN KAZAKHSTAN | Kodi i Mediave të Shkruara të Kosovës | Visuomenės informavimo etikos kodeksas / Code of Ethics in Providing Information to the Public | Code de déontologie | Кодекс на новинарите на македонија (Code of Journalists of Macedonia) | Ver Varsam-plakaten | Guide de Déontologie | Kodeks novinara Srbije | Etický kódex novinára | Kodeks novinarjev Slovenije | Codi Deontològic | Publicitetsregler | Journalistenkodex | Leidraad | Basın Meslek İlkeleri | The Editors' Code of Practice. | Standards Code | |
| 242. Which provision is most often complained about or found to have been breached most often? | Codes of Ethics | Accuracy | Hate speech and libel. | Accuracy (in research and presentation) | Protection of honour and dignity, inviolability of personal life | Right to reply | Correction of errors | Incitement (hate speech and discrimination) | Discrimination | Dignity/reputation of the people who are covered in the news | Racism, sexism, hate speech and about accuracy in the news | Accuracy | Right of reply | Correction of errors | Accuracy | Accuracy | Accuracy | Balance/impartiality | Doing professional & fair journalism, don't do unnecessary harm | Truth and Accuracy Privacy Avoidance of Prejudice Protection of Children | Children/accuracy | Reporting the truth | Reply, accuracy,misleading | About diligence of information collection | Accuracy | Be critical in the choice of sources, and make sure that the information provided is correct. Those who have been subjected to strong accusations shall, if possible, have the opportunity to simultaneous reply as regards factual information | Accuracy (inaccurate reporting) | Truthfulness of reporting | Right of reply | Accuracy/verification | Conflict of interest | Being named and criticized | Incorrect reporting (factual errors/biased reporting,), Right of reply. Privacy | Incorrect/biased coverage | Statements that are humiliating, degrading or sullying individuals and organizations beyond the limits of criticism shall not be allowed. (Art. 4) | Accuracy | Accuracy | ||
| 243. Who is responsible for writing or updating the Code? | Codes of Ethics | Albanian Media Institution, in cooperation with the Press Council | MEO (or designated individual members) prepares and approves draft updates. Then General Assembly of the members of SR initiatives adopts them. | The Board of the Council | Congress of Azerbaijani journalists | Council members | The annual meeting of the Association | The Press Council itself | The General Assembly of the assocation | All members of CMCC | The Danish Union of Journalists and the Danish Media Association | Board of the News Media Association | The Management Group of the Council for Mass Media. | The assembly of the Charter | The General Assembly of the Press Council | The Board of the Council prepares, the General Assembly has to accept it | The General Assembly of the Union (held annually) | Code Committee | Media experts | The Board of the organization | representatives of organisations of producers or disseminators of public information and members of the Association of Ethics in the Provision of Information to the Public. | General Assembly of the Council | The Association of Journalists and the Macedonian Media Institute | Board of the Norwegian Press Association | The GPR (pour Guide, Processus et Règlements) committee, consisting of 6 members + secretary-general and president | Journalists' associations | Association for the Protection of Journalistic Ethics in the Slovak Republic | Proposed changes to the Code have to be approved by general assembly of the Council | The journalists' association | The Media Bransch | The council | The Supreme Council (40 members) and the General Assembly (comprising all members) | The Editors' Code of Practice Committee. | Code Committee | |||||
| 244. When was the latest update to the Code of Ethics? | Codes of Ethics | 2018 | 2021 | 2019 | 2022 | 2019 | 2015 | 2011 | 2009 | 2013 | 2010 | 2014 | 2019 | 2017 | 1991 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2016 | 2006 | 2020 | 2019 | 2013 | 2017 | 2019 | 2016 | 2020 | 2021 | 2019 | 2019 | 2021 | ||||||||
| 245. What was changed in the latest update to the Code of Ethics? | Codes of Ethics | Incorporation of regulation for online media, to bring guidelines in line with international practices and norms, as well as to extend the Code to cover new (online) publication forms. | Relevance to technological progress. | Guidelines amended to protect victims of crime and accidents. | Addition of the principle of gender equality and non-discrimination | Actualization based on jurisprudence of previous 17 years, adaptation to the digital environment. | The wording of two articles has been clarified | Some specifications about what discriminatory speech is (now explicitly called ‘hate speech'), reporting about children and minors, protection of witnesses (at courts' procedures), and on online media reporting | Updated with jurisprudence from decisions over the years, as it had not been revised for a long time | Small correction, no substantive changes | Clarification of how corrections of errors in reporting should be made so that the audience is properly informed. | The removal of one sentence, not content-related | Changes to the guideline that refers to when the origin of suspects and offenders can (not) be mentioned | Mostly procedural standards. | Added a guideline about coverage of suicides, which was advocated for by interest group | Quick posts, fakes, deep fakes, and other given of the new post-truth era | Press council now competent for online video/audio; respect for judgments in court reporting emphasised; protection of whistleblowers | Online media, journalists' behaviour in social media, internet sources' authorship and other actual issues | The rise of online media necessitated a change of the Code | Journalistic conduct and the relationship to the sources | Tweaking definition, so that press agencies are considered to be news media as well. Before, only the news outlet publishing press agency copy would be complained against, now the news agency who produced it can also be held accountable | Increased digital space use | Wording more precise; guidelines around privacy adapted because of confusion; emphasised that correcting (online) errors must be done openly | The advent of online media required some adaptations to the Code | In 2020, the Council has been renamed from Press Council to Media Council, and is now able to deal with broadcast media (tv and radio). | Small textual change | Guideline about journalists' duty to protect their sources has been expanded to include not just source protection in publications, but in the rest of their work as well | Minor language changes and better legal formulation of certain principles | Privacy was updated to include explicit protection for ‘mental health' as a medical diagnosis protected by the clause. | ||||||||||
| 246. Were any guidelines added in the latest update to the Code of Ethics? | Codes of Ethics | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | |||||||||||
| 247. Comment on 246. | Codes of Ethics | A guideline about how to report on suicide | Guideline about the correction of errors, about op-eds, right to reply, and privacy | Guideline specifying gender equality (next to discrimination), reporting from courts, and reporting on violent extremism and terrorism | A guideline about de-indexing, anonymization, or unpublishing of a particular journalistic production | A guideline about the coverage of suicide | An article about online media outlets | The addition of a chapter about prevention of corruption and conflict of interest | Guidelines were added to guide ethical reporting online | IPSO began regulating in accordance with the updated Code on 1 January 2021. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 248. What could be triggers to update the Code of Ethics? | Codes of Ethics | Developments in the media sector may give rise to changes in the Code of Ethics | Practical challenges appearing in the work of MEO. | No regular review or fixed procedure, the trigger is usually feedback from senate | When issues occur that are controversial, or if there are discrepancies between recent jurisprudence and formal codes | A trigger for updating might be constant feedback from the audience or a major change in technology opening up new ways of reporting, disseminating or interacting with the audience. Also, a realization by the Council of the current code being invalid in some respect may end up in proposing a change. | Press council can propose changes because of developments in society and/or changes to (inter)national laws and treaties | Recommendations from the members of the ethics committee can lead to changes | No periodical review, but developments in society or the media sector might lead to updates | No structural review or trigger | suggestions from the media industry or members of the council | Decision of the Association | The General Assembly, which is organized twice each year | When the Council senses that a complainant has a point, but the grounds for their complaint are not in the Code of Ethics | Union members discussions. | When an issue is raised at the yearly meeting | the speed of the spread of fakes, disinformation and propaganda | Issues that occur in complaint-handling can lead to changes | New legislation and the needs of the journalistic profession | Update could be triggered by observations of phenomena in the media that are currently not covered by the Code | new principle matters | Office or Council signals that complaints they are getting are problematic in the light of the existing guidelines | Relevant changes in the media landscape | changing media environment | When certain articles of the are found to be problematic in complaints procedures, or when the guidelines that the Council writes are to be 'upgraded' to be included in the Code itself. | Developments in media that affect (groups in) society may necessitate changes | Decisions in the Board of the Association | Changes are usually triggered by the Council's decisions in complaint procedures | Mostly, developments in society could lead to changes to the Ethical Code | The annual Editors' Code Review. | ongoing assessment with careful consideration of the industry along with feedback from key stakeholdersr | ||||||||
| 249. Do you publish guidelines or statements that explain, interpret, or contextualize the principles in the Code of Ethics? | Codes of Ethics | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| 250. Comment on 249. | Codes of Ethics | The leaflet of the Code of Ethics contains guidelines that specify/explain the principles | Council meetings | The Council has developed guidelines about matters like reporting on court cases, gender issues, extreme violence and terrorism | The Council has created some guides about how to report on various specific topics | The Ethical Code contains an addendum with explanatory guidelines | Annual reports may include a note about some issue that came up | The Council can write statements about the Code which specify guidelines for certain situations or contexts | There are guidelines that explain how to apply the general principles. These guidelines are part of the Ethical Code | The Council has guidelines to explain the code of ethics. An ethical framework for online journalism is in the planning | There are extra explanations/best practices guides on how certain guidelines ought to be implemented | There are booklets that explain in depth one or more points of the Code, like about discrimination of people, gender-based violence, or conflict of interest | The Council maintains guidelines that explain how the general principles should be interpreted | The Code is designed to be applicable to all editorial content, whether in print or online. | There is a document that provides guidance for understanding and implementing the Code | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 251. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take user-generated content into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||
| 252. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take rectification of online errors into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |||
| 253. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take responsibility for hyperlinks or hyperlinked content into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||
| 254. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take responsibility for embedded content (e.g. YouTube videos) into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ||||
| 255. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take the responsibility of journalists on social media into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | ||||
| 256. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take monitoring comments on articles into account? | Codes of Ethics | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||
| 257. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take responsibility for photo editing into account? | Codes of Ethics | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | |||
| 258. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take responsibility for archives into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |||
| 259. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take responsibility for social sourced content into account? | Codes of Ethics | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | |||
| 260. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take the use of algorithms into account? | Public Engagement | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||
| 261. Has the Code of Ethics been amended to take the use of robot journalism into account? | Public Engagement | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |||
| 262. Is the media council engaged in activities to inform the public about journalistic ethics? | Public Engagement | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 263. Comment on 262. | Public Engagement | The Council participates in events organized by peer organizations ethical journalism, the Code of Ethics, and professionalism in the media. | The Council organizes events about media ethics-related topics, its representatives give interviews on decisions and media ethics, and the Council educates by doing role plays at schools | When invited as speaker (in academia, media, workshops) | The council participates in conferences for the general public, provides permanent training seminars, has meetings with civil society associations, answers to questions from the public, and participates in media education activities | Spokesperson of the Council can do this when invited by media, for conferences, or for university lectures | The NNC does not sponsor initiatives for the general public. Ethics promotion is delivered by publicizing decisions, newsletters to members, and through social media | The association does this, not the complaints committee | Yes | Representatives can give presentations upon request; or they can participate when other organizations organize something; specific leaflets for victims of crimes | By invitation, a representive of the Council can speak at public events | The Council organizes at least one conference each year | Yes | Yes | On request, representatives of the Council can give lectures or make appearances in the media | The Council itself does not organize any events, but on invitation, its chair and the Ombudsman can speak about ethics in journalism (for example, in academic settings or in broadcast media interviews) | We initiate trainings on journalistic ethics, invite public organizations, lawyers, media executives, media collectives | Representatives are invited on TV and radio programmes to promote the work of the organization, and to discuss on issues related to media scene; besides, the association organizes events in several cities around Kosovo and speak with the general public about press ethics | Yes | Sponsor activites where journalists, teachers and students do a yearly project; speaking at universities, at public forums; advisory function in audiovisual regulator + archival law organizations | The Council organizes different kinds of events across the country, discussions/debates with universities, the CSO sector and other institutions | From time to time, the Association does engage in public activities, mostly with respect to issues around the freedom of the press | On invitation, representatives can speak about ethics to media outlets or in an academic/college setting (but the representatives refrain from talking about specific cases) | By organizing complaints commission sessions outside the capital, by appearing in the media, holding round tables with citizens, participating in other organizations' public events to promote self-regulation, organizing bi-yearly press conferences to review work, recording and publishing unedited versions of complaints Commission meetings, and answering questions from citizens | The Council issues statements about contemporary issues in the media, and representatives give lectures and participate in events upon invitation | The association organizes public events and debates about ethics in journalism | We give speeches, present documents relating to media ethics, and are invited as guests to talk about ethics in journalism | The Media Ombudsman gives lectures and is often invited to give interviews about media ethics; he participates in public debates; and he writes blogs and makes a podcast about about media ethics | When invited as speaker (in academia, media, workshops) | On invitation, representatives can give speeches or will join debates in public forums; representatives give lectures about the Council in academic settings | By organizing trainings and seminars/conferences | Yes | Organizing public events and debates, at least 2 lectures/month, podcasts and webinars, annual Trust in Journalism conference | ||||||
| 264. Does the media council use social media? | Public Engagement | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 265. Comment on 264. | Public Engagement | Youtube and Instagram are used to share video clips with excerpts from media or with visuals related to ongoing projects. | Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook are used to share pictures from events and to share decisions and re-post the publications from media about that decision | Twitter is used to share complaint decisions. | Twitter is used to share decisions and observations | Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are used to share news items from the main website, information about running projects, and corrections that media outlets have issued | We use Twitter and Facebook to share Council's decisions and to provide our followers with information about journalistic standards that may be of interest. | The assocation uses Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter, but not for the complaints committee specifically | Twitter is used to communicate decisions | Facebook and Twitter are used to share decisions and answer questions from the public | Twitter is used to share viewpoints on media ethics policy, as well as news about developments and events in the media sector | Twitter is used to share interesting excerpts from and about news media | Facebook is used for disseminating news about the council's activities and posting of decisions that were reached | Facebook and Twitter are used to share decisions and opinions; Instagram and YouTube page are used to share footage of events | Facebook is used to post news about the journalism sector, Instagram is used for pictures of events | Twitter is used to announce that there are new decisions published | We use Facebook, Instagram, and twitter to announce complaints commission meetings, to publish our decisions, to promote the work of the Media Council, and answer questions from the public. | The council uses Twitter and Facebook to disseminate its activities, complaints resolutions, and answers questions from the public. | Twitter is used to send notifications when new decisions are published | Twitter and Facebook are used to share decisions and announcements | Twitter is used to share complaint decisions | Facebook and Twitter are used to share the decisions of the Council, and to share public statements regarding media freedom and press ethics. | Twitter is used to share events, media appearances, and news about media self-regulation | ||||||||||||||||
| 266. Is the media council engaged in activities aimed at educating or informing journalists about ethics? | Public Engagement | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| 267. Comment on 266. | Public Engagement | The Council goes to newsrooms and universities/schools around the country to inform them about (challenges to) media ethics | The Council organizes trainings and regularly visits the editorial departments | The Council can organize workshops about its procedures on request, but media companies are very much aware of the importance and educate about ethics themselves nowadays | The Council organizes conferences, provides workshops about ethics in newsrooms, and gives ethical advice to journalists | The Council organizes (online) school for media ethics, and writes recommendations to explain how to report on violent extremism, how to report on children | The Council would like to do this, but there are no resources available to do so | We are involved with the Canadian Association of Journalists ethics advisory committee, and take part in student and journalism seminars and conferences when possible. | The association does this, not the complaints committee. | By organizing workshops about how to cover specific issues | No activities organized, but representatives may take part in conferences, workshops, academic lectures | Representatives of the Council may join workshops, seminars,and teaching about journalism ethics | Q&A sessions with journalists or editors to talk about or give advice about ethics in journalism | Only in reactive fashion: answering questions from journalists about ethics, giving workshops or lectures by request | Workshops for young journalists; legal advice; ethical advice; best practices recommendations about issues like migration issue coverage, election coverage, and reporting about private individuals. | Organizing seminars about specific topics; give talks on invitation; active in organization of media ombudsmen | Yes | The Council organizes workshops, roundtables, conferences, and holds informal monthly meetings with journalists | The Commission organizes events | The Press Council provides training that journalists with a press card are required to take | Organizing events to present findings and adjudications to journalists; communicating reports, statements and guidelines to journalists and editors directly; invite journalists and editors to present best practices to peers | The Council organizes workshops and courses in newsrooms, at universities, and at the Institute of Journalism | Representatives of the press council give presentations at conferences and organize workshops. For new members, an on-premises training in ethics is offered for their journalists. Sometimes, representatives are invited for workshops or trainings at media outlets. | In addition to the events aimed at a general audience, we also hold training sessions for journalists. | Yes | The association participates in projects with other civil society organions about specific issues, such as the representation of elderly people in the media, about how to report on suicide, and about how domestic violence should be covered in the media | Via seminars and conferences | Not organized by press council itself, but the Ombudsman does participate in workshops and courses for journalists on invitation | The Press Council provides education for journalists | On invitation, representatives of the organization can explain the procedures of the Council in newsrooms | Via training seminars | Training, advise, hotline for journalists | Standards Code, Guidance, Regulatory Scheme, all publicly available as well as ongoing public engagement work including quantitative research in collaboration with universities | ||||||
| 268. Does the media council make efforts to lobby the government or political parties? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 269. Comment on 268. | The Council tries to raise awareness for issues of press freedom with opposition parties | Occasionally when legislation/regulation is planned to be introduced that might affect press freedom | When needed, the Council tries to be part of the debate about media policy | The association tries to affect government policy towards the media, but so far with limited success | By keeping its independence and insisting to maintain its tasks. | The News Media Assocation does this, not the press council itself | Suggestions from the media industry or members of the council | By giving expert opinion in the policy making process to warrant the freedom of the press | Indirectly – for instance regarding reform of defamation act | Trainings | The organization tries to lobby for better media legislation | There is no lobbying, but the Press Council is the official conversation partner of government and it has to be consulted for things like media legislation | The Council is involved in activities related to media reforms | Via the Norwegian Press Association of which the Council is a part | The media council lobbies the government regarding government financing of media content in the public interest. In addition, the media council aims to make the acceptance of its jurisdiction obligatory for media seeking public funding. | Activities to promote journalistic ethics for online activities specifical are under consideration | The Press Council lobbies for better media legislation | Through public statements and individual and collective meetings | Yes | Impress tries to reach out to politicians and policy makers to promote media policy that enhances or aims towards raising ethical standards of the press |